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You should have blended the butter with the sugar thoroughly before you heated them.
A:spread
B:mixed
C:beaten
D:covered
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共用题干
第二篇
Some People do Not Taste Salt Like Others
Low-salt foods may be harder for some people to like than others,according to a study by a Penn State
College of Agricultural Sciences food scientist.The research indicates that genetic factors influence some of
the difference in the levels of salt we like to eat.
Those conclusions are important because recent,well-publicized efforts to reduce the salt content in food
have left many people struggling to accept fare that simply does not taste as good to them as it does to others,
pointed out John Hayes,assistant professor of food science who was lead investigator on the study.
Diets high in salt can increase the risk of high blood pressure and stroke.That is why public health ex-
perts and food companies are working together on ways to help consumers lower salt intake through foods that
are enjoyable to eat.This study increases undersfanding of salt preference and consumption.
The research involved 87 carefully screened participants who sampled salty foods such as soup and
chips,on multiple occasions,spread out over weeks.Test subjects were 45 men and 42 women,reportedly
healthy,ranging in age from 20 to 40 years.The sample was composed of individuals who were not actively
modifying their dietary intake and did not smoke cigarettes.They rated the intensity of taste on a commonly
used scientific scale,ranging from barely detectable to strongest sensation of any kind.
"Most of us like the taste of salt.However,some individuals eat more salt,both because they like the
taste of saltiness more,and also because it is needed to block other unpleasant tastes in food,"said Hayes.
"Supertasters,people who experience tastes more intensely,consume more salt than nontasters do.Snack
foods have saltiness as their primary flavor,and at least for these foods,more is better,so the supertasters
seem to like them more."
However,supertasters also need higher levels of salt to block unpleasant bitter tastes in food such as
cheese,Hayes noted."For example,cheese is a wonderful blend of dairy flavors from fermented milk,but al-
so bitter tastes from ripening that are blocked by salt,"he said."A supertaster finds low-salt cheese unpleasant
because the bitterness is too pronounced."
Hayes cited research done more than 75 years ago by a chemist named Fox and a geneticist named
Blakeslee,showing that individuals differ in their ability to taste certain chemicals.As a result,Hayes ex-
plained,we know that a wide range in taste acuity exists,and this variation is as normal as variations in eye
and hair color.
"Some people,called supertasters,'describe bitter compounds as being extremely bitter,while others,
called nontasters,find these same bitter compounds to be tasteless or only weakly bitter,"he said."Response
to bitter compounds is one of many ways to identify biological differences in food preference because super-
tasting is not limited to bitterness."
It is true that_________.
A:nontasters like to share salty cheese with supertasters
B:nontasters consume more salt because they like intense tastes
C:supertasters like the taste of saltiness to block sweet tastes in food
D:supertasters like snack foods more as they contain higher levels of saltiness
第二篇
Some People do Not Taste Salt Like Others
Low-salt foods may be harder for some people to like than others,according to a study by a Penn State
College of Agricultural Sciences food scientist.The research indicates that genetic factors influence some of
the difference in the levels of salt we like to eat.
Those conclusions are important because recent,well-publicized efforts to reduce the salt content in food
have left many people struggling to accept fare that simply does not taste as good to them as it does to others,
pointed out John Hayes,assistant professor of food science who was lead investigator on the study.
Diets high in salt can increase the risk of high blood pressure and stroke.That is why public health ex-
perts and food companies are working together on ways to help consumers lower salt intake through foods that
are enjoyable to eat.This study increases undersfanding of salt preference and consumption.
The research involved 87 carefully screened participants who sampled salty foods such as soup and
chips,on multiple occasions,spread out over weeks.Test subjects were 45 men and 42 women,reportedly
healthy,ranging in age from 20 to 40 years.The sample was composed of individuals who were not actively
modifying their dietary intake and did not smoke cigarettes.They rated the intensity of taste on a commonly
used scientific scale,ranging from barely detectable to strongest sensation of any kind.
"Most of us like the taste of salt.However,some individuals eat more salt,both because they like the
taste of saltiness more,and also because it is needed to block other unpleasant tastes in food,"said Hayes.
"Supertasters,people who experience tastes more intensely,consume more salt than nontasters do.Snack
foods have saltiness as their primary flavor,and at least for these foods,more is better,so the supertasters
seem to like them more."
However,supertasters also need higher levels of salt to block unpleasant bitter tastes in food such as
cheese,Hayes noted."For example,cheese is a wonderful blend of dairy flavors from fermented milk,but al-
so bitter tastes from ripening that are blocked by salt,"he said."A supertaster finds low-salt cheese unpleasant
because the bitterness is too pronounced."
Hayes cited research done more than 75 years ago by a chemist named Fox and a geneticist named
Blakeslee,showing that individuals differ in their ability to taste certain chemicals.As a result,Hayes ex-
plained,we know that a wide range in taste acuity exists,and this variation is as normal as variations in eye
and hair color.
"Some people,called supertasters,'describe bitter compounds as being extremely bitter,while others,
called nontasters,find these same bitter compounds to be tasteless or only weakly bitter,"he said."Response
to bitter compounds is one of many ways to identify biological differences in food preference because super-
tasting is not limited to bitterness."
It is true that_________.
A:nontasters like to share salty cheese with supertasters
B:nontasters consume more salt because they like intense tastes
C:supertasters like the taste of saltiness to block sweet tastes in food
D:supertasters like snack foods more as they contain higher levels of saltiness
共用题干
Robots May Allow Surgery in Space
Small robots designed by University of Nebraska researchers may allow doctors on
Earth to help perlorm surgery on patients in space.
The tiny,wheeled robots,_________(1)are about 3 inches tall and as wide as a
lipstick case, can be slipped into small incisions（切口）and computer-controlled by
surgeons in different locations.Some robots are equipped_________(2)cameras and
lights and can send images back to surgeons and others have surgical tools attached that
can be_________(3)remotely.
"We think this is going to_________(4)open surgery,"Dr. Dmitry Oleynikov said
at a news conference.Oleynikov is a_________(5)in computer-assisted surgery at
the University of Nebraska Medical Center in Omaha.
Officials hope that NASAwill teach_________(6)to use the robots soon enough so
that surgeries could one day be performed in space.
On earth,the surgeons could control the robots themselves_________(7)other
locations.For example,the robots could enable surgeons in other places to_________
(8)on injured soldiers on the front line.Researchers plan to seek federal regulatory
_________(9)early next year.Tests on animals have been successful,and tests on
humans in England will begin very soon.
The camera-carrying robots can provide_________(10)of affected areas and the
ones with surgical tools will be able to maneuver（操控）inside the body in ways surgeons'
hands can't.The views from the camera-carrying robots are_________(11)than the
naked eye,because they_________(12)back color images that are magnified（放大）.
Because several robots can be inserted through one incision,they could reduce the amount
and_________(13)of cuts needed for surgery,which would decrease recovery time.
This is particularly_________( 14) to those patients who have been debilitated（使虚弱）
by long illness.
Eventually,Oleynikov said,the tiny robots may enable surgeons to work without ever
_________(15)their hands in patients' bodies."That's the goal,"Oleynikov said."It's
getting easier and easier.We can do even more with these devices."
_________(6)
A:astronauts
B:nurses
C:teachers
D:trainers
Robots May Allow Surgery in Space
Small robots designed by University of Nebraska researchers may allow doctors on
Earth to help perlorm surgery on patients in space.
The tiny,wheeled robots,_________(1)are about 3 inches tall and as wide as a
lipstick case, can be slipped into small incisions（切口）and computer-controlled by
surgeons in different locations.Some robots are equipped_________(2)cameras and
lights and can send images back to surgeons and others have surgical tools attached that
can be_________(3)remotely.
"We think this is going to_________(4)open surgery,"Dr. Dmitry Oleynikov said
at a news conference.Oleynikov is a_________(5)in computer-assisted surgery at
the University of Nebraska Medical Center in Omaha.
Officials hope that NASAwill teach_________(6)to use the robots soon enough so
that surgeries could one day be performed in space.
On earth,the surgeons could control the robots themselves_________(7)other
locations.For example,the robots could enable surgeons in other places to_________
(8)on injured soldiers on the front line.Researchers plan to seek federal regulatory
_________(9)early next year.Tests on animals have been successful,and tests on
humans in England will begin very soon.
The camera-carrying robots can provide_________(10)of affected areas and the
ones with surgical tools will be able to maneuver（操控）inside the body in ways surgeons'
hands can't.The views from the camera-carrying robots are_________(11)than the
naked eye,because they_________(12)back color images that are magnified（放大）.
Because several robots can be inserted through one incision,they could reduce the amount
and_________(13)of cuts needed for surgery,which would decrease recovery time.
This is particularly_________( 14) to those patients who have been debilitated（使虚弱）
by long illness.
Eventually,Oleynikov said,the tiny robots may enable surgeons to work without ever
_________(15)their hands in patients' bodies."That's the goal,"Oleynikov said."It's
getting easier and easier.We can do even more with these devices."
_________(6)
A:astronauts
B:nurses
C:teachers
D:trainers
共用题干
“Liquefaction” Key to Much of Japanese Earthquake Damage
The massive subduction zone earthquake in Japan caused a significant level of soil“liquefaction” that has surprised researchers with its1severity,a new analysis shows.
“We've seen localized examples of soil liquefaction as extreme as this before,but the distance and2of damage in Japan were unusually severe,”said Scott Ashford,a professor of geotechnical engineering at Oregon State University.“Entire structures were tilted and sinking into the sediments,”Ashford said.“The shifts in soil destroyed water,drain and gas pipelines,crippling the utilities and infrastructure these communities need to3. We saw some places that sank as much as four feet.”
Some degree of soil liquefaction is common in almost any major earthquake. It's a phenomenon in which soils soaked with water,particularly recent sediments or sand,can lose much of their4and flow during an earthquake. This can allow structures to shift or sink or5.
But most earthquakes are much6than the recent event in Japan,Ashford said. The length of the Japanese earthquake,as much as five minutes,may force researchers to recon-sider the extent of liquefaction damage possibly occurring in situations such as this.
“With such a long-lasting earthquake,we saw7structures that might have been okay after 30 seconds just continued to sink and tilt as the shaking continued for several more minutes,”he said.“And it was clear that younger sediments,and especially areas built on8filled ground,are much more vulnerable.”
The data provided by analyzing the Japanese earthquake,researchers said,should make it possible to improve the understanding of this soil9and better prepare for it in the future.Ashford said it was critical for the team to collect the information quickly,10damage was removed in the recovery efforts.
“There's no doubt that we'll learn things from what happened in Japan that will help us to reduce risks in other similar11,”Ashford said.“Future construction in some places may make more use of techniques known to reduce liquefaction,such as better compaction to make soils dense,or use of reinforcing stone columns.”
Ashford pointed out that northern California have younger soils vulnerable to liquefac-tion一on the coast,near river deposits or in areas with filled ground. The“young”sedi-ments,in geologic terms,may be those12within the past 10,000 years or more. In Ore-gon,for instance,that describes much of downtown Portland,the Portland International Airport and other cities.
Anything13a river and old flood plains is a suspect,and the Oregon Department of Transportation has already concluded that 1,100 bridges in the state are at risk from an earthquake.
Fewer than 15 percent of them have been reinforced to14collapse. Japan has suffered tremendous losses in the March 11 earthquake,but Japanese construction15 helped prevent many buildings from collapse一even as they tilted and sank into the ground.
10._________
A: unless
B: until
C: after
D: before
“Liquefaction” Key to Much of Japanese Earthquake Damage
The massive subduction zone earthquake in Japan caused a significant level of soil“liquefaction” that has surprised researchers with its1severity,a new analysis shows.
“We've seen localized examples of soil liquefaction as extreme as this before,but the distance and2of damage in Japan were unusually severe,”said Scott Ashford,a professor of geotechnical engineering at Oregon State University.“Entire structures were tilted and sinking into the sediments,”Ashford said.“The shifts in soil destroyed water,drain and gas pipelines,crippling the utilities and infrastructure these communities need to3. We saw some places that sank as much as four feet.”
Some degree of soil liquefaction is common in almost any major earthquake. It's a phenomenon in which soils soaked with water,particularly recent sediments or sand,can lose much of their4and flow during an earthquake. This can allow structures to shift or sink or5.
But most earthquakes are much6than the recent event in Japan,Ashford said. The length of the Japanese earthquake,as much as five minutes,may force researchers to recon-sider the extent of liquefaction damage possibly occurring in situations such as this.
“With such a long-lasting earthquake,we saw7structures that might have been okay after 30 seconds just continued to sink and tilt as the shaking continued for several more minutes,”he said.“And it was clear that younger sediments,and especially areas built on8filled ground,are much more vulnerable.”
The data provided by analyzing the Japanese earthquake,researchers said,should make it possible to improve the understanding of this soil9and better prepare for it in the future.Ashford said it was critical for the team to collect the information quickly,10damage was removed in the recovery efforts.
“There's no doubt that we'll learn things from what happened in Japan that will help us to reduce risks in other similar11,”Ashford said.“Future construction in some places may make more use of techniques known to reduce liquefaction,such as better compaction to make soils dense,or use of reinforcing stone columns.”
Ashford pointed out that northern California have younger soils vulnerable to liquefac-tion一on the coast,near river deposits or in areas with filled ground. The“young”sedi-ments,in geologic terms,may be those12within the past 10,000 years or more. In Ore-gon,for instance,that describes much of downtown Portland,the Portland International Airport and other cities.
Anything13a river and old flood plains is a suspect,and the Oregon Department of Transportation has already concluded that 1,100 bridges in the state are at risk from an earthquake.
Fewer than 15 percent of them have been reinforced to14collapse. Japan has suffered tremendous losses in the March 11 earthquake,but Japanese construction15 helped prevent many buildings from collapse一even as they tilted and sank into the ground.
10._________
A: unless
B: until
C: after
D: before
The contempt he felt for his fellow students was obvious.
A:hate
B: need
C: love
D: pity
A:hate
B: need
C: love
D: pity
Professor Taylor's talk has indicated that science has a very strong influenceon the everyday life of non-scientists as well as scientists.
A: motivation
B: perspective
C: impression
D: impact
A: motivation
B: perspective
C: impression
D: impact