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The Impact of Antarctic Ozone Hole
The Antarctic ozone（臭氧）hole is changing weather patterns across the Southern Hemisphere （半球）,even affecting the tropics,scientists have concluded. The scientists______(51)the new study added the ozone hole into standard climate models to_______(52)how it might have affected winds and rains. They say rainfall has moved further south towards the pole and the effect has been_______(53)strong over Australia.
And of_______(54)interest was the southward of the Southern Hemisphere jet stream. These high一altitude winds are_______(55)to determining weather patterns,in both hemispheres. Much of the cold weather felt in the UK_______(56)the last couple of winters,for example,was caused by blocking of the Northern Hemisphere stream.
The team found that overall,the ozone hole has_______(57)in rainfall moving south along with the winds._______(58)there are regional differences,particularly concerning Australia. In terms of the average for that zone,the ozone hole_______(59)about a 10% change一but for Australia,it's about 35%.
Their modeling indicated that global warming_______(60)greenhouse gas emissions is also a factor in changing rainfall patterns.
Natural climate cycles are also thought to be important here,as different rainfall patterns were _______(61)in the era before ozone depletion（消耗）and late 20th Century warming.
Although the_______(62)international organization has significantly checked emissions of harmful substances,they_______(63)for decades in the atmosphere,and so their effects are still being felt.Earlier,and international organization forecast that even the Antarctic ozone hole一which is more severe than its_______(64)in the Northern Hemisphere一should be_______(65)by 2045—2060.
_________(57)
A:resulted
B:drawn
C:brought
D:drop

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第二篇
Students Learn Better with Touchscreen Desks
Observe the criticisms of nearly any major public education system in the world,and a few of the many
complaints are more or less universal.Technology moves faster than the education system.Teachers must
teach at the pace of the slowest student rather than the fastest. And一particularly in the United States一
school children as a group don't care much for,or excel（擅长）at,mathemnatics. So it's heartening to learn
that a new kind of"classroom of the future"shows promise at easing some of these problems,starting with
that fundamental piece of classroom furniture:the desk.
A UK study involving roughly 400 students,mostly aged 8一10 years,and a new generation of
multis-touch,multi-user,computerized desktop surfaces is showing that over the last three years the technology
has appreciably boosted students'math skills compared with peers learning the same material via the con-
ventional paper-and-pencil method.How?Through collaboration,mostly,as well as by giving teachers better
tools by which to micromanage individual students who need some extra instruction while allowing the rest of
the class to continue moving forward.
Traditional instruction still shows respectable efficacy（效力）at increasing students'fluency in mathe-
matics,essentially through memorization and practice一dull,repetitive practice.But the researchers have con-
cluded that these new touchscreen desks boost both fluency and flexibility一the critical thinking skills that al-
low students to solve complex problems not simply through knowing formulas and devices,but by being able
to figure out what the real problem is and the most effective means of stripping it down and solving it.
One reason for this,the researchers say,is the multi-touch aspect of the technology.Students working in
the next-gen classroom can work together at the same tabletop,each of them contributing and engaging with
the problem as part of a group.Known as SynergyNet,the software uses computer vision systems that see in
the infrared（红外线的）spectrum to distinguish between different touches on different parts of the surface,
allowing students to access and use tools on the screen,move objects and visual aids around on their desk-
tops,and otherwise physically interact with the numbers and information on their screens.By using these
screens collaboratively,the researchers say,the students are to some extent teaching themselves as those with
a stronger grasp on difficult concepts pull other students forward along with them.
How does the new tech work to improve students'mathematical learning?
A:It helps fast learners to learn faster.
B:It enables them to work together.
C:It makes teachers'instruction unnecessary.
D:It allows the whole class to learn at the same pace.

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第一篇
What's NASDAQ?
NASDAQ is a familiar but strange name for people.We often learn its news via different kinds of media,though quite a lot of people can not tell what exactly it means.
NASDAQ,short for the National Association of Securities Dealers Automated Quotations system,is one of the largest market in the world for stocks trading. The number of companies in NASDAQ is more than that of the other stock exchange in America,including the New York Stock Exchange(NYSE)and the American Stock Exchange(AMEX).
Most of the companies listed on NASDAQ are smaller than most of those on the NYSE and AMEX.NASDAQ has become recognized as the home of new technology companies,especially computer and computer-related businesses.Trading on NASDAQ is initiated by stock brokers acting on behalf of their clients.The brokers negotiate with market makers who concentrate on trading specific stocks to reach a price for the stock.
Different from other stock exchange,NASDAQ has no central location where trading takes place.Instead,its market makers can be found all over the country and make trades by telephone and via the Internet. Since brokers and market makers trade stocks directly instead of on the floor of a stock exchange,NASDAQ is called an over-the-counter market. The term over-the-counter refers to the direct nature of the trading,as in a store where goods are handed over a counter.
Since its foundation in 1971,the NASDAQ Stock Market has been the innovator. As the world's first electronic stock market,NASDAQ long ago set a precedent for technological trading innovation that is unrivaled.Now poised to become the world's first truly global market,the NASDAQ Stock Market is the market of choice for business industry leaders worldwide.By providing an efficient environment for raising capital NASDAQ has helped thousands of companies achieve their desired growth and successfully make the leap into public ownership.
What does the passage mainly tell us?
A:The history of NASDAQ.
B:The difference between NASDAQ and other stock exchanges.
C:How NASDAQ is managed.
D:The general information about NASDAQ.

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Ants Have Big Impact on Environment as“Ecosystem Engineers”
Research by the University of Exeter has revealed that ants have a big impact on their local environment as a result of their activity as“ecosystem engineers”and predators.The study,published in the Journal of Animal Ecology,found that ants have two distinct effects on their local environment.
Firstly,through moving of soil by nest building activity and by collecting food they af-fect the level of nutrients in the soil.This can indirectly impact the local populations of many animal groups,from decomposers to species much higher up the food chain.
Secondly,they prey on a wide range of other animals,including larger prey which can be attacked by vast numbers of ant workers.
Dirk Sanders,an author of the study from the university's Centre for Ecology and Con-servation,said:“Ants are very effective predators which thrive in huge numbers. They're al-so very territorial and very aggressive,defending their resources and territory against other predators. All of this means they have a strong influence on their surrounding area.”
“In this research,we studied for the first time how big this impact is and the subtleties of it.What we found is that despite being predators,their presence can also lead to an in-crease in density and diversity of other animal groups. They genuinely play a key role in the local environment,having a big influence on the grassland food web,”Sanders said.
The study,carried out in Germany,studied the impact of the presence of different com-binations and densities of black garden ants and common red ants,both species which can be found across Europe,including in the UK.It found that a low density of ants in an area in-creased the diversity and density of other animals in the local area,particularly the density of herbivores and decomposers. At higher densities ants had no or the opposite effect,showing that predation is counteracting the positive influence.
Dr Frank van Veen,another author on the study,said:“What we find is that the impact of ants on soil nutrient levels has a positive effect on animal groups at low levels,but as the number of ants increases,their predatory impacts have the bigger effect一thereby counter-acting the positive influence via ecosystem engineering.”
Ants are important components of ecosystems not only because they constitute a great part of the animal biomass but also because they act as ecosystem engineers.Ant biodiversity is incredibly high and these organisms are highly responsive to human impact,which obvi-ously reduces its richness. However,it is not clear how such disturbance damages the main-tenance of ant services to the ecosystem. Ants are important in below ground processes through the alteration of the physical and chemical environment and through their effects on plants,microorganisms,and other soil organisms.
What does paragraph 6 tell us?
A: Ants bring about a negative influence to an area when their population is small.
B: Ants bring about a positive influence to an area when their population is small.
C: Ants'predation counteracts the positive influence they may have on an area.
D: At higher density,ants produce a positive influence on an area.

For some obscure reason,the simple game is becoming very popular.
A: obvious
B: major
C: unclear
D: minor

In the situation comedy,a traditional format for television shows,the same characters appear repeatedly in humorous episodes.
A: respectively
B: again and again
C: simultaneously
D: briefly