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A.small number of firms have ceased trading.
A:completed
B:finished
C:fulfilled
D:stopped
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共用题干
Teaching Math,Teaching Anxiety
In a new study about the way kids learn math in elementary school,the psychologists at the University of Chicago Sian Beilock and Susan Levine found a surprising relationship be-tween what female teachers think and what female students learn:If a female teacher is un-comfortable with her own math skills,then her female students are more likely to believe that boys are better than girls at math.
If these girls keep getting math-anxious female teachers in later grades,it may create a snowball effect on their math achievement said Levine. In other words,girls may end up learning math anxiety from their teachers. The study suggests that if these girls grow up be-lieving that boys are better at math than girls are,then these girls may not do as well as they would have if they were more confident.
Just as students find certain subjects to be difficult,teachers can find certain subjects to be difficult to learn一and teach. The subject of math can be particularly difficult for every-one. Researchers use the word“anxiety”to describe such feelings:anxiety is uneasiness or worry.
The new study found that when a teacher has anxiety about math,that feeling can influ-
ence how her female students feel about math. The study involved 65 girls,52 boys and 17 first-and second-grade teachers in elementary schools in the Midwest. The students took math achievement tests at the beginning and end of the school year,and the researchers com-pared the scores.
The researchers also gave the students tests to tell whether the students believed that a math superstar had to be a boy. Then the researchers turned to the teachers:To find out
which teachers were anxious about math,the researchers asked the teachers how they felt at times when they came across math,such as when reading a sales receipt. A teacher who got nervous looking at the numbers on a sales receipt,for example, was probably anxious about math.
Boys,on average,were unaffected by a teacher's anxiety. On average,girls with math-anxious teachers scored lower on the end-of-the-year math tests than other girls in the study
did. Plus,on the test showing whether someone thought a math superstar had to be a boy,20 girls showed feeling that boys would be better at math一and all of these girls had been taught by female teachers who had math anxiety.
“This is an interesting study,but the results need to be interpreted as preliminary and in need of replication with a larger sample,”said David Geary,a psychologist at the University of Missouri in Columbia.
What is the result of the research at the University of Chicago,according to the firstparagraph?
A: Girls comfortable with their own math skills are better than boys at math.
B: Girls uncomfortable with their own math skills are not as good as boys at math.
C: Female teachers'math skills have influence over girl students'math skills.
D: Female teachers'confidence in their math skills is related to girls'math skills.
Teaching Math,Teaching Anxiety
In a new study about the way kids learn math in elementary school,the psychologists at the University of Chicago Sian Beilock and Susan Levine found a surprising relationship be-tween what female teachers think and what female students learn:If a female teacher is un-comfortable with her own math skills,then her female students are more likely to believe that boys are better than girls at math.
If these girls keep getting math-anxious female teachers in later grades,it may create a snowball effect on their math achievement said Levine. In other words,girls may end up learning math anxiety from their teachers. The study suggests that if these girls grow up be-lieving that boys are better at math than girls are,then these girls may not do as well as they would have if they were more confident.
Just as students find certain subjects to be difficult,teachers can find certain subjects to be difficult to learn一and teach. The subject of math can be particularly difficult for every-one. Researchers use the word“anxiety”to describe such feelings:anxiety is uneasiness or worry.
The new study found that when a teacher has anxiety about math,that feeling can influ-
ence how her female students feel about math. The study involved 65 girls,52 boys and 17 first-and second-grade teachers in elementary schools in the Midwest. The students took math achievement tests at the beginning and end of the school year,and the researchers com-pared the scores.
The researchers also gave the students tests to tell whether the students believed that a math superstar had to be a boy. Then the researchers turned to the teachers:To find out
which teachers were anxious about math,the researchers asked the teachers how they felt at times when they came across math,such as when reading a sales receipt. A teacher who got nervous looking at the numbers on a sales receipt,for example, was probably anxious about math.
Boys,on average,were unaffected by a teacher's anxiety. On average,girls with math-anxious teachers scored lower on the end-of-the-year math tests than other girls in the study
did. Plus,on the test showing whether someone thought a math superstar had to be a boy,20 girls showed feeling that boys would be better at math一and all of these girls had been taught by female teachers who had math anxiety.
“This is an interesting study,but the results need to be interpreted as preliminary and in need of replication with a larger sample,”said David Geary,a psychologist at the University of Missouri in Columbia.
What is the result of the research at the University of Chicago,according to the firstparagraph?
A: Girls comfortable with their own math skills are better than boys at math.
B: Girls uncomfortable with their own math skills are not as good as boys at math.
C: Female teachers'math skills have influence over girl students'math skills.
D: Female teachers'confidence in their math skills is related to girls'math skills.
共用题干
Free Statins with Fast Food could Neutralize Heart Risk
Fast food outlets could provide statin drugs free of1so that customers can reduce the heart disease dangers of fatty food,researchers at Imperial College London 2in a new study.
Statins reduce the3of unhealthy“LDL” cholesterol in the blood. A wealth of trial data has proven them to be highly effective at lowering a person's heart attack4.
In a paper published in the American Journal of Cardiology,Dr Darrel Francis and colleagues calculate that the reduction in heart attack risk offered by a statin is5to offset the increase in heart attack risk from6a cheeseburger and drinking a milkshake.
Dr Francis,from the National Heart and Lung Institute at Imperial College London,who is the senior author of the study,said:“Statins don't cut out all of the7effects of cheeseburgers and French fries. It's better to avoid fatty food altogether. But we've worked out that in terms of your8of having a heart attack. Taking a statin can reduce your risk to more or less the same9 as a fast food meal increases it.”“It's ironic that people are free to take as many unhealthy condi-ments in fast food outlets as they10,but statins,which are beneficial to heart health,have to be prescribed. It makes sense to make risk-reducing statins available just as easily as the unhealthy condiments that are 11 free of charge. It would cost less than 5 pence per/u>12一not much different to a sachet of sugar.”Dr Francis said.
When people engage in risky behaviours like driving or smoking,they're encouraged to take13that lower their risk,like14a seatbelt or choosing cigarettes with filters.
Taking a statin is a rational way of15some of the risks of eating a fatty meal.
5._________
A: severe
B: enough
C: weak
D: active
Free Statins with Fast Food could Neutralize Heart Risk
Fast food outlets could provide statin drugs free of1so that customers can reduce the heart disease dangers of fatty food,researchers at Imperial College London 2in a new study.
Statins reduce the3of unhealthy“LDL” cholesterol in the blood. A wealth of trial data has proven them to be highly effective at lowering a person's heart attack4.
In a paper published in the American Journal of Cardiology,Dr Darrel Francis and colleagues calculate that the reduction in heart attack risk offered by a statin is5to offset the increase in heart attack risk from6a cheeseburger and drinking a milkshake.
Dr Francis,from the National Heart and Lung Institute at Imperial College London,who is the senior author of the study,said:“Statins don't cut out all of the7effects of cheeseburgers and French fries. It's better to avoid fatty food altogether. But we've worked out that in terms of your8of having a heart attack. Taking a statin can reduce your risk to more or less the same9 as a fast food meal increases it.”“It's ironic that people are free to take as many unhealthy condi-ments in fast food outlets as they10,but statins,which are beneficial to heart health,have to be prescribed. It makes sense to make risk-reducing statins available just as easily as the unhealthy condiments that are 11 free of charge. It would cost less than 5 pence per/u>12一not much different to a sachet of sugar.”Dr Francis said.
When people engage in risky behaviours like driving or smoking,they're encouraged to take13that lower their risk,like14a seatbelt or choosing cigarettes with filters.
Taking a statin is a rational way of15some of the risks of eating a fatty meal.
5._________
A: severe
B: enough
C: weak
D: active
共用题干
第三篇
Archive Gallery: The Best of Bionics（仿生学）
Humans might be the most highly-evolved species on the planet,but most animals possess skills we can
only dream of having.Imagine how much electricity we could save if we could see in the dark the way cats
do. Imagine leaping from tree to tree like a monkey.Giraffes（长颈鹿）,which are otherwise calm and good-
natured,sleep only 4.6 hours a day.
We realized a long,long time ago that nature provides the best blueprint（蓝图）for invention.We've
borrowed canals from beavers（河狸）and reflectors from cat's eyes.Although the words "bionics" became
popular only after the 1960s,history shows that nature has always provided ideas on solving everyday prob-
lems. Our archives（档案）don't go back to the time of Leonardo da Vinci and his bird-like flying machines,
but we can take you to the late 19th century,where we applied those same principles for building our first
practical airplanes.
To prepare for their flight at Kitty Hawk,the Wright brothers studied the movements of pigeons to figure
out how they stayed high up when they were heavier than air. Their success inspired scores of successors to
improve on the airplane by studying various aspects of nature,One of Orville Wright’、pupils caught and
stuffed seagulls to examine their wingspan.Meanwhile,two French inventors examined spinning sycamore（美
国梧桐）seeds in an effort to apply those same motions,reversed,to a helicopter.
Some examples are more obvious than others.The outside of the airplane designed by the Wright
brothers looks like a minimalistic（简单抽象艺术）structure. On the other hand , Barney Connett ' s fish
submarine（潜水艇）actually looks like a fish.
Some bio-inspired concepts have yet to be invented.In the 1960s，the US Army commissioned several
university professors to conduct research on the motor skills of animals in hope of applying those same abili-
ties to tanks. Tanks that run like horses or jump like grasshoppers（蚂昨）一sounds shocking,doesn't it?
But imagine how life would change if we could achieve that.
Which of the following can be found in the archive gallery?
A:First practical airplanes built in the late 19th century.
B:History books.
C:The Wright brothers'sculpture.
D:Leonardo da Vinci’s bird-like flying machines.
第三篇
Archive Gallery: The Best of Bionics（仿生学）
Humans might be the most highly-evolved species on the planet,but most animals possess skills we can
only dream of having.Imagine how much electricity we could save if we could see in the dark the way cats
do. Imagine leaping from tree to tree like a monkey.Giraffes（长颈鹿）,which are otherwise calm and good-
natured,sleep only 4.6 hours a day.
We realized a long,long time ago that nature provides the best blueprint（蓝图）for invention.We've
borrowed canals from beavers（河狸）and reflectors from cat's eyes.Although the words "bionics" became
popular only after the 1960s,history shows that nature has always provided ideas on solving everyday prob-
lems. Our archives（档案）don't go back to the time of Leonardo da Vinci and his bird-like flying machines,
but we can take you to the late 19th century,where we applied those same principles for building our first
practical airplanes.
To prepare for their flight at Kitty Hawk,the Wright brothers studied the movements of pigeons to figure
out how they stayed high up when they were heavier than air. Their success inspired scores of successors to
improve on the airplane by studying various aspects of nature,One of Orville Wright’、pupils caught and
stuffed seagulls to examine their wingspan.Meanwhile,two French inventors examined spinning sycamore（美
国梧桐）seeds in an effort to apply those same motions,reversed,to a helicopter.
Some examples are more obvious than others.The outside of the airplane designed by the Wright
brothers looks like a minimalistic（简单抽象艺术）structure. On the other hand , Barney Connett ' s fish
submarine（潜水艇）actually looks like a fish.
Some bio-inspired concepts have yet to be invented.In the 1960s，the US Army commissioned several
university professors to conduct research on the motor skills of animals in hope of applying those same abili-
ties to tanks. Tanks that run like horses or jump like grasshoppers（蚂昨）一sounds shocking,doesn't it?
But imagine how life would change if we could achieve that.
Which of the following can be found in the archive gallery?
A:First practical airplanes built in the late 19th century.
B:History books.
C:The Wright brothers'sculpture.
D:Leonardo da Vinci’s bird-like flying machines.
共用题干
What is the Coolest Gas in the Universe?
What is the coldest air temperature ever recorded on Earth?Where was this low temperature recorded ?
The coldest recorded temperature on Earth was －91℃, which_____ (51) in Antarctica（南极洲）
in 1983.
We encounter an interesting situation when we discuss temperatures in_________(52).Temperatures
in Earth orbit（轨道）actually range from about +120℃ to －120℃. The temperature depends upon
______(53)you are in direct sunlight or in shade.Obviously，－120℃ is colder than our body can
________ (54)endure.
The space temperatures just discussed affect only our area of the solar________(55).Obviously,it
is hotter closer to the Sun and colder as we travel__________(56)from the Sun,Scientigtg egtimate tern-
peratures at Pluto are about －210℃．How cold is the lowest estimated temperature in the entire universe?
Again,it depends upon your_________(57).We are taught it is supposedly__________(58)to have a
temperature below absolute zero,which is－273℃，at which atoms do not move.Two scientists,Cornell
and Wieman,have successfully______(59)down a gas to a temperature barely above absolute zero.
They won a Nobel Prize in Physics in 2001 for their work一not a discovery in this case.
Why is the two scientists'work so important to science?
In the 1920s，Satyendra Nath Bose was studying an interesting_______(60)about special light par-
tidles（微粒）we now call photons（光子）.Bose had trouble __________(61)other scientists to believe his
theory,so he contacted Albert Einstein. Einstein’s calculations helped him theorize that atoms_______(62)
behave as Bose thought一but only at very cold temperatures.
Scientists have also discovered that ultra-cold（超冷）atoms can help them make the world'S atomic
clocks even__________(63)accurate.These clocks are so accurate today they would oniy lose one second
_________ (64)six million years!Such accuracy will help us travel in space because digtanee is velocity
（速度）times time( d=vt).With the long distances involved in space _______(65),we need to know
time as accurately as possibie to get accurate distance.
_________(63)
A:that
B:such
C:much
D:more
What is the Coolest Gas in the Universe?
What is the coldest air temperature ever recorded on Earth?Where was this low temperature recorded ?
The coldest recorded temperature on Earth was －91℃, which_____ (51) in Antarctica（南极洲）
in 1983.
We encounter an interesting situation when we discuss temperatures in_________(52).Temperatures
in Earth orbit（轨道）actually range from about +120℃ to －120℃. The temperature depends upon
______(53)you are in direct sunlight or in shade.Obviously，－120℃ is colder than our body can
________ (54)endure.
The space temperatures just discussed affect only our area of the solar________(55).Obviously,it
is hotter closer to the Sun and colder as we travel__________(56)from the Sun,Scientigtg egtimate tern-
peratures at Pluto are about －210℃．How cold is the lowest estimated temperature in the entire universe?
Again,it depends upon your_________(57).We are taught it is supposedly__________(58)to have a
temperature below absolute zero,which is－273℃，at which atoms do not move.Two scientists,Cornell
and Wieman,have successfully______(59)down a gas to a temperature barely above absolute zero.
They won a Nobel Prize in Physics in 2001 for their work一not a discovery in this case.
Why is the two scientists'work so important to science?
In the 1920s，Satyendra Nath Bose was studying an interesting_______(60)about special light par-
tidles（微粒）we now call photons（光子）.Bose had trouble __________(61)other scientists to believe his
theory,so he contacted Albert Einstein. Einstein’s calculations helped him theorize that atoms_______(62)
behave as Bose thought一but only at very cold temperatures.
Scientists have also discovered that ultra-cold（超冷）atoms can help them make the world'S atomic
clocks even__________(63)accurate.These clocks are so accurate today they would oniy lose one second
_________ (64)six million years!Such accuracy will help us travel in space because digtanee is velocity
（速度）times time( d=vt).With the long distances involved in space _______(65),we need to know
time as accurately as possibie to get accurate distance.
_________(63)
A:that
B:such
C:much
D:more
共用题干
Long Bus Ride
Long bus rides are like television shows.They have a beginning,a middle,and an end-with commercials thrown in every three or four minutes. The commercials are unavoidable.They happen whether you want them or not. Every couple of minutes a billboard glides by outside the bus window."Buy Super Clean Toothpaste.""Drink Good'n Wet Root Beer.""Fill up with Pa-cific Gas."Only if you sleep,which is equal to turning the television set off,are you spared the unending cry of"You Need It!Buy It Now!"
The beginning of the ride is comfortable and somewhat exciting,even if you've traveled that way before .Usually some things have changed-new houses,new buildings,sometimes even a new road. The bus driver has a style of driving and it's fun to try to figure it out the first hour or so. If the driver is particularly reckless or daring,the ride can be as thrilling as a suspense story. Will the driver pass the truck in time?Will the driver move into the right or the left-hand lane? After a while,of course,the excitement dies down.Sleeping for a while helps pass the middle hours of the ride .Food always makes bus rides more interesting. But you've got to be careful of what kind of food you eat. Too much salty food can make you very thirsty between stops.
The end of the ride is somewhat like the beginning. You know it will soon be over and there's a kind of expectation and excitement in that. The seat,of course,has become harder as the hours have passed.By now you've sat with your legs crossed,with your hands crossed behind your head.
The end comes just at the right time.There are just no more ways to sit.
According to the passage,what do the passengers usually see when they are on a long bus trip?
A: buses on the road.
B: films on television.
C: advertisements on the board.
D: gas stations.
Long Bus Ride
Long bus rides are like television shows.They have a beginning,a middle,and an end-with commercials thrown in every three or four minutes. The commercials are unavoidable.They happen whether you want them or not. Every couple of minutes a billboard glides by outside the bus window."Buy Super Clean Toothpaste.""Drink Good'n Wet Root Beer.""Fill up with Pa-cific Gas."Only if you sleep,which is equal to turning the television set off,are you spared the unending cry of"You Need It!Buy It Now!"
The beginning of the ride is comfortable and somewhat exciting,even if you've traveled that way before .Usually some things have changed-new houses,new buildings,sometimes even a new road. The bus driver has a style of driving and it's fun to try to figure it out the first hour or so. If the driver is particularly reckless or daring,the ride can be as thrilling as a suspense story. Will the driver pass the truck in time?Will the driver move into the right or the left-hand lane? After a while,of course,the excitement dies down.Sleeping for a while helps pass the middle hours of the ride .Food always makes bus rides more interesting. But you've got to be careful of what kind of food you eat. Too much salty food can make you very thirsty between stops.
The end of the ride is somewhat like the beginning. You know it will soon be over and there's a kind of expectation and excitement in that. The seat,of course,has become harder as the hours have passed.By now you've sat with your legs crossed,with your hands crossed behind your head.
The end comes just at the right time.There are just no more ways to sit.
According to the passage,what do the passengers usually see when they are on a long bus trip?
A: buses on the road.
B: films on television.
C: advertisements on the board.
D: gas stations.