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More Than 8 Hours Sleep Too Much of a Good Thing
1 Although the dangers of too little sleep are widely known,new research suggests that people who sleep too much may also suffer the consequences.
2 Investigators at the University of California in San Diego found that people who clock up 9 or 10 hours each weeknight appear to have more trouble falling and staying asleep,as well as a number of other sleep problems,than people who sleep 8 hours a night. People who slept only 7 hours each night also said they had more trouble falling asleep and feeling re-freshed after a night's sleep than 8-hour sleepers.
3 These findings,which DL Daniel Kripke reported in the journal Psychosomatic Medicine,demonstrate that people who want to get a good night's rest may not need to set aside more than 8 hours a night.He added that“it might be a good idea” for people who sleep more than 8 hours each night to consider reducing the amount of time they spend in bed,but cau-tioned that more research is needed to confirm this.
4 Previous studies have shown the potential dangers of chronic shortages of sleep一for instance,one report demonstrated that people who habitually sleep less than 7 hours each night have a higher risk of dying within a fixed period than people who sleep more.
5 For the current report,Kripke reviewed the responses of 1,004 adults to sleep ques-tionaires,in which participants indicated how much they slept during the week and whether they experienced any sleep problems. Sleep problems included waking in the middle of the night,arising early in the morning and being unable to fall back to sleep,and having fatigue interfere with day-to-day functioning.
6 Kripke found that people who slept between 9 and 10 hours each night were more like-ly to report experiencing each sleep problem than people who slept 8 hours. In an interview, Kripke noted that long sleepers may struggle to get rest at night simply because they spend too much time in bed. As evidence,he added that one way to help insomnia is to spend less time in bed.“It stands to reason that if a person spends too long a time in bed,then they'll spend a higher percentage of time awake.”he said.
Paragraph 5______
A: Kripke's Research
B: Dangers of Habitual Shortages of Sleep
C: Criticism on Kripke's Report
D: A way of Overcoming Insomnia
E: Sleep Problems of Long and Short Sleepers
F: Classification of Sleep Problems
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共用题干
第二篇
When Our Eyes Serve Our Stomach
Our senses aren't just delivering a strict view of what'5 going on in the world;they're affected by
what's going on in our heads.A new study finds that hungry people see food-related words more clearly than
people who'ye just eaten.
Psychologists have known for decades that what’。going on inside our heads affects our senses.For example,
poorer children think coins are larger than they are,and hungry people think pictures of food are brighter.
Remi Radel of University of Nice Sophia-Antipolis,France,wanted to investigate how this happens.Does it
happen right away as the brain receives signals from the eyes or a little later as the brain's high-level thinking
processes get involved?
Radel recruited 42 students with a normal body mass（质量）index.On the day of his or her test,each
student was told to arrive at the lab at noon after three or four hours of not eating.Then they were told there
was a delay.Some were told to come back in 10 minutes;others were given an hour to get lunch first.So half
the students were hungry when they did the experiment and the other half had just eaten.
For the experiment, the participant looked at a computer screen.One by one,80 words flashed on the
screen for about 1/300th of a second each.They flashed at so small a size that the studentsc o111d only con-
sciously perceive - A quarter of the words were food-related.After each word,each person was asked how
bright the word was and asked to choose which of two words they'd seen一a food-related word like cake or a
neutral（中性的）word like boat. Each word appeared too briefly for the participant to really read it.
Hungry people saw the food-related words as brighter and were better at identifying food-related words.
Because the word appeared too quickly for them to be reliably seen,this means that the difference is in per-
ception,not in thinking processes,Radel says.
"This is something great to me.Humans can really perceive what they need or what they strive（奋斗）
for. From the experiment, I know that our brain can really be at the disposal（处理）of our motives（动机）
and needs,"Radel says.
It can be learnt from what Radel says that_______.
A:humans'thinking processes are independent of their senses
B:an experiment with hungry and non一hungry participants is not reliable
C:humans can perceive what they need without deep thinking processes
D:42 participants are too small a number for a serious investigation
第二篇
When Our Eyes Serve Our Stomach
Our senses aren't just delivering a strict view of what'5 going on in the world;they're affected by
what's going on in our heads.A new study finds that hungry people see food-related words more clearly than
people who'ye just eaten.
Psychologists have known for decades that what’。going on inside our heads affects our senses.For example,
poorer children think coins are larger than they are,and hungry people think pictures of food are brighter.
Remi Radel of University of Nice Sophia-Antipolis,France,wanted to investigate how this happens.Does it
happen right away as the brain receives signals from the eyes or a little later as the brain's high-level thinking
processes get involved?
Radel recruited 42 students with a normal body mass（质量）index.On the day of his or her test,each
student was told to arrive at the lab at noon after three or four hours of not eating.Then they were told there
was a delay.Some were told to come back in 10 minutes;others were given an hour to get lunch first.So half
the students were hungry when they did the experiment and the other half had just eaten.
For the experiment, the participant looked at a computer screen.One by one,80 words flashed on the
screen for about 1/300th of a second each.They flashed at so small a size that the studentsc o111d only con-
sciously perceive - A quarter of the words were food-related.After each word,each person was asked how
bright the word was and asked to choose which of two words they'd seen一a food-related word like cake or a
neutral（中性的）word like boat. Each word appeared too briefly for the participant to really read it.
Hungry people saw the food-related words as brighter and were better at identifying food-related words.
Because the word appeared too quickly for them to be reliably seen,this means that the difference is in per-
ception,not in thinking processes,Radel says.
"This is something great to me.Humans can really perceive what they need or what they strive（奋斗）
for. From the experiment, I know that our brain can really be at the disposal（处理）of our motives（动机）
and needs,"Radel says.
It can be learnt from what Radel says that_______.
A:humans'thinking processes are independent of their senses
B:an experiment with hungry and non一hungry participants is not reliable
C:humans can perceive what they need without deep thinking processes
D:42 participants are too small a number for a serious investigation
共用题干
A Doctor in the House
Brushing your teeth twice a day should keep the dentist away.But if a group of scientific researchers
have their wish,it will make the rest of your body healthy too._________ (46)It is one of many gadgets
（小装置）proposed by engineers and doctors at the Center for Future Health in New York一others include a
pair of glasses that help to jog your memory,and a home camera designed to check for cancer.
The devices seem fanciful,but the basic principles are simple.The gadgets should make it easy for peo-
pie to detect illness long before it strikes and so seek treatment far earlier than normal.______(47)In
the long run,the technology may even prevent illness by encouraging us to lead healthier lives.
Intelligent bandages（绷带）are a good example. Powerful sensors within the bandage could quickly
identify tiny amounts of bacteria in a wound and determine which antibiotics（抗生素）would work best.
_________(48)
Socks are long overdue for a makeover. In the future they will be able to automatically detect the amount
of pressure in your foot and alert you when an ulcer（溃疡）is coming up.
All the projects should have far-reaching implications,but the biggest single development is a melanoma
（黑瘤）monitor designed to give early warnings of cancer.__________(49)If a problem is found,the sys-
tern would advise you to get a check-up at your doctor's surgery.
If all this sounds troublesome,then help is at hand.________ (50)A standard computer would be
able to understand your voice and answer questions about your symptoms in plain English and in a way which
would calm your nerves.
_________（47）
A:Experts are also working on a"digital doctor",complete with a comforting bedside manner.
B: Instead of relying on hi-tech hospitals,the emphasis is shifted to the home and easy-to-use gadgets.
C:The cut could then be treated instantly,so avoiding possible complications.
D:That is going to be the difficult part.
E:The device could be used to take a picture of your body each week,then compare it with previous images.
F:A toothbni,h that checks blood sugar and bacteria while you brush is currently in development in USA.
A Doctor in the House
Brushing your teeth twice a day should keep the dentist away.But if a group of scientific researchers
have their wish,it will make the rest of your body healthy too._________ (46)It is one of many gadgets
（小装置）proposed by engineers and doctors at the Center for Future Health in New York一others include a
pair of glasses that help to jog your memory,and a home camera designed to check for cancer.
The devices seem fanciful,but the basic principles are simple.The gadgets should make it easy for peo-
pie to detect illness long before it strikes and so seek treatment far earlier than normal.______(47)In
the long run,the technology may even prevent illness by encouraging us to lead healthier lives.
Intelligent bandages（绷带）are a good example. Powerful sensors within the bandage could quickly
identify tiny amounts of bacteria in a wound and determine which antibiotics（抗生素）would work best.
_________(48)
Socks are long overdue for a makeover. In the future they will be able to automatically detect the amount
of pressure in your foot and alert you when an ulcer（溃疡）is coming up.
All the projects should have far-reaching implications,but the biggest single development is a melanoma
（黑瘤）monitor designed to give early warnings of cancer.__________(49)If a problem is found,the sys-
tern would advise you to get a check-up at your doctor's surgery.
If all this sounds troublesome,then help is at hand.________ (50)A standard computer would be
able to understand your voice and answer questions about your symptoms in plain English and in a way which
would calm your nerves.
_________（47）
A:Experts are also working on a"digital doctor",complete with a comforting bedside manner.
B: Instead of relying on hi-tech hospitals,the emphasis is shifted to the home and easy-to-use gadgets.
C:The cut could then be treated instantly,so avoiding possible complications.
D:That is going to be the difficult part.
E:The device could be used to take a picture of your body each week,then compare it with previous images.
F:A toothbni,h that checks blood sugar and bacteria while you brush is currently in development in USA.
共用题干
第三篇
Human Space Exploration
While scientists are searching the cause of the Columbia disaster,NASA is moving
ahead with plans to develop a new craft that would replace shuttles（航天飞机）on space
station missions by 2012 and respond quickly to space station emergencies.
The space agency released the first set of mission needs and requirements several days
ago for the orbital space plane（轨道航天飞机）,which would be designed to transport a
crew of four to and from the International Space Station.
Although it includes few specifics, the plan states the orbiter（轨道航天飞机）will be
safer,cheaper and require less preparation time than the shuttle.It would be able to
transport four crew members by 2012一though it would be available for rescue missions by
2010.NASA says the craft should be able to transport injured or ill space station crew
members to "definitive（决定性的）medical care" within 24 hours.
The release of the requirements showed NASA remains focused on the long-term
priorities of space exploration,even as questions exist concerning the loss of Columbia and
its seven-member crew on February 1,2003.
Experts at Marshall Space Flight Center in Huntsville,Alabama,have been working for
years on a successor to the shuttle.The project,known as the Space Launch Initiative（倡
议）,was divided last year into two parts一one focusing on a future launch vehicle,the
other on a space station orbiter. The orbiter is expected to be ready sooner.
The program's managers say NASA officials have told them not to alter Space
Launch Initiative in light of the Columbia disaster.
U.S. President George W. Bush asked Congress for about U.S.$1 billion for Space
Launch Initiative in 2004,funds that would be almost equally split between the Orbital Space
Plane and Next Generation Launch Technology.
When did NASA start working on a successor to the shuttle?
A:One year before the Columbia disaster.
B:One year after the Columbia disaster.
C:Immediately after the Columbia disaster.
D:Years before the Columbia disaster.
第三篇
Human Space Exploration
While scientists are searching the cause of the Columbia disaster,NASA is moving
ahead with plans to develop a new craft that would replace shuttles（航天飞机）on space
station missions by 2012 and respond quickly to space station emergencies.
The space agency released the first set of mission needs and requirements several days
ago for the orbital space plane（轨道航天飞机）,which would be designed to transport a
crew of four to and from the International Space Station.
Although it includes few specifics, the plan states the orbiter（轨道航天飞机）will be
safer,cheaper and require less preparation time than the shuttle.It would be able to
transport four crew members by 2012一though it would be available for rescue missions by
2010.NASA says the craft should be able to transport injured or ill space station crew
members to "definitive（决定性的）medical care" within 24 hours.
The release of the requirements showed NASA remains focused on the long-term
priorities of space exploration,even as questions exist concerning the loss of Columbia and
its seven-member crew on February 1,2003.
Experts at Marshall Space Flight Center in Huntsville,Alabama,have been working for
years on a successor to the shuttle.The project,known as the Space Launch Initiative（倡
议）,was divided last year into two parts一one focusing on a future launch vehicle,the
other on a space station orbiter. The orbiter is expected to be ready sooner.
The program's managers say NASA officials have told them not to alter Space
Launch Initiative in light of the Columbia disaster.
U.S. President George W. Bush asked Congress for about U.S.$1 billion for Space
Launch Initiative in 2004,funds that would be almost equally split between the Orbital Space
Plane and Next Generation Launch Technology.
When did NASA start working on a successor to the shuttle?
A:One year before the Columbia disaster.
B:One year after the Columbia disaster.
C:Immediately after the Columbia disaster.
D:Years before the Columbia disaster.
共用题干
第三篇
Reading Poem
No poem should ever be discussed or"analyzed",until it has been read aloud by someone, teacher or student. Better still,perhaps,is the practice of reading it twice,once at the beginning of the discussion and once at the end,so the sound of the poem is the last thing one hears of it.
All discussions of poetry are,in fact,preparations for reading it aloud,and the reading of the poem is,finally,the most telling"interpretation"of it,suggesting tone,rhythm,and meaning all at once.Hearing a poet read the work in his or her own voice,on records or on film,is obviously a special reward.But even those aids to teaching can not replace the student and teacher reading it or, best of all,reciting it.
I have come to think,in fact,that time spent reading a poem aloud is much more important than"analyzing"it,if there isn't time for both.I think one of our goals as teachers of English is to have students love poetry. Poetry is"a criticism of life","a heightening of life,enjoyment with others".It is"an approach to the truth of feeling",and it"can save your life".It also deserves a place in the teaching of languages and literature more central than it presently occupies.
I am not saying that every English teacher must teach poetry.Those who don't like it should not be forced to put that dislike on anyone else.But those who do teach poetry must keep in mind a few things about its essential nature,about its sound as well as its sense,and they must make room in the classroom for hearing poetry as well as thinking about it.
According to the passage,to have a better understanding of a poem,the best way is______.
A:to discuss it with others
B:to analyze it by oneself
C:to hear it read out
D:to practice reading it aloud
第三篇
Reading Poem
No poem should ever be discussed or"analyzed",until it has been read aloud by someone, teacher or student. Better still,perhaps,is the practice of reading it twice,once at the beginning of the discussion and once at the end,so the sound of the poem is the last thing one hears of it.
All discussions of poetry are,in fact,preparations for reading it aloud,and the reading of the poem is,finally,the most telling"interpretation"of it,suggesting tone,rhythm,and meaning all at once.Hearing a poet read the work in his or her own voice,on records or on film,is obviously a special reward.But even those aids to teaching can not replace the student and teacher reading it or, best of all,reciting it.
I have come to think,in fact,that time spent reading a poem aloud is much more important than"analyzing"it,if there isn't time for both.I think one of our goals as teachers of English is to have students love poetry. Poetry is"a criticism of life","a heightening of life,enjoyment with others".It is"an approach to the truth of feeling",and it"can save your life".It also deserves a place in the teaching of languages and literature more central than it presently occupies.
I am not saying that every English teacher must teach poetry.Those who don't like it should not be forced to put that dislike on anyone else.But those who do teach poetry must keep in mind a few things about its essential nature,about its sound as well as its sense,and they must make room in the classroom for hearing poetry as well as thinking about it.
According to the passage,to have a better understanding of a poem,the best way is______.
A:to discuss it with others
B:to analyze it by oneself
C:to hear it read out
D:to practice reading it aloud
共用题干
Energy Cycle
Do you find getting up in the morning so difficult that it's painful?This might be called laziness,but Dr. Kleitman has a new explanation. He has proved that everyone has a daily energy cycle.
During the hours when you labor through your work you may say that you're“hot”.That's true .The time of day when you feel most energetic is when your cycle of body temperature is at its peak .For some people the peak comes during the morning. For others it comes in the afternoon or evening.No one has discovered why this is so,but it leads to such familiar monologues as:“Get up,John!You'll be late for work again!”The possible explanation to the trouble is that John is at his temperature-and-energy peak in the evening. Much family quarrelling ends when husbands and wives realize what these energy cycles mean,and which cycle each member of the family has.
You can't change your energy cycle,but you can learn to make your life fit to it better. Habit can help,Dr. Kleitman believes. Maybe you're sleepy in the evening but you must stay up late anyway .Counteract your cycle to some extent by habitually staying up later than you want to. If your energy is low in the morning but you have an important job to do early in the day,rise before your usual hour. This won't change your cycle,but you'll get up steam and work better at your low point.
Get off to a slow start which saves your energy .Get up with a leisurely yawn and stretch.Sit on the edge of the bed a minute before putting your feet on the floor. Avoid the trouble of searching for clean clothes by laying them out the night before .Whenever possible,do routine work in the afternoon and save tasks requiring more energy or concentration for your sharper hours.
You are advised to rise with a yawn and stretch because it will_______.
A: help to keep your energy for the day's work
B: help you to control your temper early in the day
C: enable you to concentrate on your routine work
D: keep your energy cycle under control all day
Energy Cycle
Do you find getting up in the morning so difficult that it's painful?This might be called laziness,but Dr. Kleitman has a new explanation. He has proved that everyone has a daily energy cycle.
During the hours when you labor through your work you may say that you're“hot”.That's true .The time of day when you feel most energetic is when your cycle of body temperature is at its peak .For some people the peak comes during the morning. For others it comes in the afternoon or evening.No one has discovered why this is so,but it leads to such familiar monologues as:“Get up,John!You'll be late for work again!”The possible explanation to the trouble is that John is at his temperature-and-energy peak in the evening. Much family quarrelling ends when husbands and wives realize what these energy cycles mean,and which cycle each member of the family has.
You can't change your energy cycle,but you can learn to make your life fit to it better. Habit can help,Dr. Kleitman believes. Maybe you're sleepy in the evening but you must stay up late anyway .Counteract your cycle to some extent by habitually staying up later than you want to. If your energy is low in the morning but you have an important job to do early in the day,rise before your usual hour. This won't change your cycle,but you'll get up steam and work better at your low point.
Get off to a slow start which saves your energy .Get up with a leisurely yawn and stretch.Sit on the edge of the bed a minute before putting your feet on the floor. Avoid the trouble of searching for clean clothes by laying them out the night before .Whenever possible,do routine work in the afternoon and save tasks requiring more energy or concentration for your sharper hours.
You are advised to rise with a yawn and stretch because it will_______.
A: help to keep your energy for the day's work
B: help you to control your temper early in the day
C: enable you to concentrate on your routine work
D: keep your energy cycle under control all day