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共用题干
Most of what I really need to know about how to live and what to do and how to be,I learned in kindergarten.Wisdom was not at the top of the graduate mountain,but there in the sand pile at nursery school.
These are the things I learned:Share everything. Play fair. Don't hit people.Put things back where you found them.Clean up your own mess.Don't take things that aren't yours.Say you're sorry when you hurt somebody.Wash your hands before you eat.Warm cookies and cold milk are good for you.Live a balanced life.Learn some and think some and draw and paint and sing and dance and play and work everyday some.
Take a nap every afternoon.When you go out into the world,watch for traffic,hold hands and stick together. Be aware of wonder. Remember the little seed in the plastic cup?The roots go down and the plant goes up and nobody really knows how or why,but we are all like that.
Goldfish and hamsters and white mice and even the little seed in the plastic cup一they all die.So do we.
And then remember the book about Dick and Jane and the first word you learned,the biggest word of all: Look.Everything you need to know is in there somewhere,the Golden Rule and love and basic sanitation,ecology and polities and sane living.
Think of what a better world it would be if we all一the whole world一had cookies and milk about 3 o'clock every afternoon and then lay down with our blankets for a nap.Or if we had a basic policy in our nations to always put things back where we found them and cleaned up our own messes.And it is still true,no matter how old you are,when you go out into the world,it is better to hold hands and stick together.
When you go out into the world,watch for traffic,hold hands and stick together.
A:Right
B:Wrong
C:Not mentioned
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共用题干
第二篇
Late-night Drinking
Coffee lovers,be careful.Having a quick "pick-me-up" cup of coffee late in the day will interrupt your
sleep. As well as being a stimulant（兴奋剂）,caffeine interrupts the flow of melatonin（褪黑激素）,the
brain hormone that sends people into a sleep.
Melatonin levels normally start to rise about two hours before bedtime.Levels then peak between 2 am
and 4 am , before falling again. " It 's the neurohormone（神经激素）that controls our sleep and tells our
body when to sleep and when to wake,"says Maurice Ohayon of the Stanford Sleep Epidemiology Research
Center at Stanford University in California. But researchers in Israel have found that caffeinated coffee halves
the body'S levels of this sleep hormone.
Lotan Shilo and a team at the Sapir Medical center in Tel Aviv University found that six volunteers slept
less well after a cup of caffeinated coffee than after drinking the same amount of decaf（脱咖啡因咖啡）.On
average,subjects slept 336 minutes per night after drinking caffeinated coffee,compared with 415 minutes
after decaf. They also took half an hour to drop off,twice as long as usual.
In the second phase of the experiment,the researchers woke the volunteers every three hours and asked
them to give a urine（尿）sample.Shilo measured concentrations of a breakdown product of melatonin.The
results suggest that melatonin concentrations in caffeine drinkers were half those in decaf drinkers.In a paper
accepted for publication in Sleep Medicine,the researchers suggest that caffeine blocks production of the
enzyme（酶）that drives melatonin production.
Because it can take many hours to eliminate caffeine from the body.Ohayon recommends that coffee
lovers switch to decaf after lunch.
The author mentions "pick-me-up" to indicate that_______.
A:melatonin levels need to be raised
B:coffee is a stimulan
C:neurohormone can wake us up
D:caffeine can balance our brain hormone
第二篇
Late-night Drinking
Coffee lovers,be careful.Having a quick "pick-me-up" cup of coffee late in the day will interrupt your
sleep. As well as being a stimulant（兴奋剂）,caffeine interrupts the flow of melatonin（褪黑激素）,the
brain hormone that sends people into a sleep.
Melatonin levels normally start to rise about two hours before bedtime.Levels then peak between 2 am
and 4 am , before falling again. " It 's the neurohormone（神经激素）that controls our sleep and tells our
body when to sleep and when to wake,"says Maurice Ohayon of the Stanford Sleep Epidemiology Research
Center at Stanford University in California. But researchers in Israel have found that caffeinated coffee halves
the body'S levels of this sleep hormone.
Lotan Shilo and a team at the Sapir Medical center in Tel Aviv University found that six volunteers slept
less well after a cup of caffeinated coffee than after drinking the same amount of decaf（脱咖啡因咖啡）.On
average,subjects slept 336 minutes per night after drinking caffeinated coffee,compared with 415 minutes
after decaf. They also took half an hour to drop off,twice as long as usual.
In the second phase of the experiment,the researchers woke the volunteers every three hours and asked
them to give a urine（尿）sample.Shilo measured concentrations of a breakdown product of melatonin.The
results suggest that melatonin concentrations in caffeine drinkers were half those in decaf drinkers.In a paper
accepted for publication in Sleep Medicine,the researchers suggest that caffeine blocks production of the
enzyme（酶）that drives melatonin production.
Because it can take many hours to eliminate caffeine from the body.Ohayon recommends that coffee
lovers switch to decaf after lunch.
The author mentions "pick-me-up" to indicate that_______.
A:melatonin levels need to be raised
B:coffee is a stimulan
C:neurohormone can wake us up
D:caffeine can balance our brain hormone
共用题干
第一篇
The Development of Ballet
Ballet is a dance form that has a long history.The fact that it survives to this day shows that it has adjusted
as times have changed.
Ballet began in the royal courts during the Renaissance.At that time it became common for kings and
queens,as well as other nobility（贵族）,to participate in pageants that included music,poetry,and dance.
As these entertainments moved from the Italian courts to the French ones,court ladies began participating in
them. Though their long dresses prevented much movement, they were able to perform elaborate（复杂的）
walking patterns.It was not until the 1600s that women dancers shortened their skirts,changed to flat shoes,
and began doing some of the leaps and turns performed by men.
It was also in the 1600s that professional ballet began.King Louis XIV of France,himself a devoted
dancer,founded the Royal Academy of Dance. The five basic feet positions from which all ballet steps begin
were finalized.In the late 1700s another important change occurred.Ballet began to tell a story on its own.It
was no longer simply dance to be performed between acts of plays.Elaborate wigs（假发）and costumes were
eliminated.By the early 1800s dancers learned to rise on their toes to make it appear that they were floating.
Classical ballet as we know it today was influenced primarily by Russian dancing. The Russians re-
mained interested in ballet when it declined in other European countries in the mid-1800s.One of the most
influential figures of the early 20th century was Sergei Diaghilev.His dance company,the Ballets Russes,
brought a new energy and excitement to ballet. One of his chief assistants,George Balanchine,went on to
found the New York City Ballet in 1948 and to influence new generations of dancers.
Professional ballet was first performed in_______.
A:Italy
B:Russia
C:America
D:France
第一篇
The Development of Ballet
Ballet is a dance form that has a long history.The fact that it survives to this day shows that it has adjusted
as times have changed.
Ballet began in the royal courts during the Renaissance.At that time it became common for kings and
queens,as well as other nobility（贵族）,to participate in pageants that included music,poetry,and dance.
As these entertainments moved from the Italian courts to the French ones,court ladies began participating in
them. Though their long dresses prevented much movement, they were able to perform elaborate（复杂的）
walking patterns.It was not until the 1600s that women dancers shortened their skirts,changed to flat shoes,
and began doing some of the leaps and turns performed by men.
It was also in the 1600s that professional ballet began.King Louis XIV of France,himself a devoted
dancer,founded the Royal Academy of Dance. The five basic feet positions from which all ballet steps begin
were finalized.In the late 1700s another important change occurred.Ballet began to tell a story on its own.It
was no longer simply dance to be performed between acts of plays.Elaborate wigs（假发）and costumes were
eliminated.By the early 1800s dancers learned to rise on their toes to make it appear that they were floating.
Classical ballet as we know it today was influenced primarily by Russian dancing. The Russians re-
mained interested in ballet when it declined in other European countries in the mid-1800s.One of the most
influential figures of the early 20th century was Sergei Diaghilev.His dance company,the Ballets Russes,
brought a new energy and excitement to ballet. One of his chief assistants,George Balanchine,went on to
found the New York City Ballet in 1948 and to influence new generations of dancers.
Professional ballet was first performed in_______.
A:Italy
B:Russia
C:America
D:France
共用题干
Irish Dolphins May Have a Unique Dialect
Irish scientists monitoring dolphins living in a river estuary in the southwest of the country believe they
may have developed a unique dialect to communicate with each other.
The Shannon Dolphin and Wildlife Foundation(SDWF)has been studying a group of up to 120 bottle-
nose dolphins in the River Shannon using vocalizations（发声）collected on a computer in a cow shed near the
River Shannon.
As part of a research project,student Ronan Hickey digitized and analyzed a total of 1,882 whistles from
the Irish dolphins and those from the Welsh dolphins on a computer and separated theni into six fundamental
whistle types and 32 different categories.Of the categories,he found most were used by both sets of dol-
phins一but eight were only heard from the Irish dolphins.
"We are building up a catalogue of the different whistle types they use and trying to associate them with
behavior like foraging（觅食）,resting, socializing and the communications of grown.ups with calves (幼
仔）,"project leader Simon Berrow said.“Essentially we are building up what is like a dictionary of words
they use or sounds they mnake."
Berrow,a marine biologist,said the dolphins'clicks are used to find their way around and locate prey.
The whistles are communications."They do a whole range 0f other sounds like barks．groans and a kind of
gunshot," he said. "The gunshot is an intense pulse（脉冲）of sound. Sperm whales use it to stun（击昏）
their prey.”
"When I first heard it I was surprised as I thought sperm whales were the onlyh species who used it. We
can speculate the dolphins are using it for the same reason as the sperm whales,"Berrow said.
References in local legend indicate there have been dolphins in the Shannon estuary for generations and
they may even have been residents there as far back as the 6th century.
They are regularly seen by passengers on the Shannon ferry and an estimated 25.000 tourists every year
take special sightseeing tours on local boats to visit them.
According to Simon Berrow they are building up a dictionary of words dolphins use or sounds they make.
A:Right
B:Wrong
C:Not mentioned
Irish Dolphins May Have a Unique Dialect
Irish scientists monitoring dolphins living in a river estuary in the southwest of the country believe they
may have developed a unique dialect to communicate with each other.
The Shannon Dolphin and Wildlife Foundation(SDWF)has been studying a group of up to 120 bottle-
nose dolphins in the River Shannon using vocalizations（发声）collected on a computer in a cow shed near the
River Shannon.
As part of a research project,student Ronan Hickey digitized and analyzed a total of 1,882 whistles from
the Irish dolphins and those from the Welsh dolphins on a computer and separated theni into six fundamental
whistle types and 32 different categories.Of the categories,he found most were used by both sets of dol-
phins一but eight were only heard from the Irish dolphins.
"We are building up a catalogue of the different whistle types they use and trying to associate them with
behavior like foraging（觅食）,resting, socializing and the communications of grown.ups with calves (幼
仔）,"project leader Simon Berrow said.“Essentially we are building up what is like a dictionary of words
they use or sounds they mnake."
Berrow,a marine biologist,said the dolphins'clicks are used to find their way around and locate prey.
The whistles are communications."They do a whole range 0f other sounds like barks．groans and a kind of
gunshot," he said. "The gunshot is an intense pulse（脉冲）of sound. Sperm whales use it to stun（击昏）
their prey.”
"When I first heard it I was surprised as I thought sperm whales were the onlyh species who used it. We
can speculate the dolphins are using it for the same reason as the sperm whales,"Berrow said.
References in local legend indicate there have been dolphins in the Shannon estuary for generations and
they may even have been residents there as far back as the 6th century.
They are regularly seen by passengers on the Shannon ferry and an estimated 25.000 tourists every year
take special sightseeing tours on local boats to visit them.
According to Simon Berrow they are building up a dictionary of words dolphins use or sounds they make.
A:Right
B:Wrong
C:Not mentioned
He expressed concern that the ship might be in distress.
A: despair
B: difficulties
C: need
D: danger
A: despair
B: difficulties
C: need
D: danger
共用题干
Warm People Likely to Keep Cold at Bay
Staying positive through the cold season could be your best defense.against getting ill,new study findings suggest.In an experiment that exposed healthy volunteers to a cold or flu virus,researchers found that people with a generally sunny disposition were less likely to fall ill.
The findings,published in the journal Psychosomatic Medicine,build on evidence that a"positive emotional style"can help ward off the common cold and other illnesses.Researchers believe the reasons may be both objective as in happiness boosting immune function and subjective as in happy people being less trou- bled by a scratchy throat or runny nose.
"People with a positive emotional style may have different immune responses to the virus,"explained lead study author Dr.Sheldon Cohen of Carnegie Mellon University in Pittsburgh."And when they do get a cold,they may interpret their illness as being less severe."
Cohen and his colleagues had found in a previous study that happier people seemed less susceptible to catching a cold,but some questions remained as to whether the emotional trait itself had the effect.
For the new study,the researchers had 193 healthy adults complete standard measures of personality traits,self-perceived health and emotional"style".Those who tended to be happy,energetic and easy-going were judged as having a positive emotional style,while those who were often unhappy,tense and hostile had a negative style.
The researchers gave them nasal drops containing either a cold virus or a particular flu virus.Over the next six days,the volunteers reported on any aches,pains,sneezing or congestion they had,while the researchers collected objective data,like daily mucus production.Cohen and his colleagues found that based on objective measures of nasal woes,happy people were less likely to develop a cold.
According to Cohen's study,happier people are more easily to get a cold.
A:Right
B:Wrong
C:Not mentioned
Warm People Likely to Keep Cold at Bay
Staying positive through the cold season could be your best defense.against getting ill,new study findings suggest.In an experiment that exposed healthy volunteers to a cold or flu virus,researchers found that people with a generally sunny disposition were less likely to fall ill.
The findings,published in the journal Psychosomatic Medicine,build on evidence that a"positive emotional style"can help ward off the common cold and other illnesses.Researchers believe the reasons may be both objective as in happiness boosting immune function and subjective as in happy people being less trou- bled by a scratchy throat or runny nose.
"People with a positive emotional style may have different immune responses to the virus,"explained lead study author Dr.Sheldon Cohen of Carnegie Mellon University in Pittsburgh."And when they do get a cold,they may interpret their illness as being less severe."
Cohen and his colleagues had found in a previous study that happier people seemed less susceptible to catching a cold,but some questions remained as to whether the emotional trait itself had the effect.
For the new study,the researchers had 193 healthy adults complete standard measures of personality traits,self-perceived health and emotional"style".Those who tended to be happy,energetic and easy-going were judged as having a positive emotional style,while those who were often unhappy,tense and hostile had a negative style.
The researchers gave them nasal drops containing either a cold virus or a particular flu virus.Over the next six days,the volunteers reported on any aches,pains,sneezing or congestion they had,while the researchers collected objective data,like daily mucus production.Cohen and his colleagues found that based on objective measures of nasal woes,happy people were less likely to develop a cold.
According to Cohen's study,happier people are more easily to get a cold.
A:Right
B:Wrong
C:Not mentioned