搜题
第二十二篇 RealWld Robots
When you think of a robot, do you envision ashiny, metallic device having the same general shape as a human being,perfming humanlike functions,responding to your questions in a monotonevoice accentuated by high-pitched tonesbeeps? This is the way many of usimagine a robot, but in the real wld, a robot is not humanoid at all. Insteada robot often is a voiceless, box-shaped machine that efficiently carries outrepetitivedangerous functions usually perfmed by humans. Today’s robot is me than an automatic machine that perfms one taskagainagain. A modern robot is programmed with varying degrees ofartificial intelligence—that is, a robot contains acomputer program that tells it how to perfm tasks associated with human intelligence,such as reasoning, drawing conclusions,learning from past experience.
A robot does not possess a human shape fthe simple reason that a two-legged robot has great difficulty remainingbalanced. A robot does, however, move from place to place on wheelsaxlesthat rollrotate. A robot even has limbs that swivelmove incombination with tsmots. To find its way in its surroundings1, arobot utilizes various built-in senss. Antennae attached to the robot’s base detect anything they bump into. If the robot starts to teeteras it moves on an incline, a gyroscopea pendulum inside it senses thevertical differential. To determine its distance from an objecthow quicklyit will reach the object，the robot bounces beams oflaser lightultrasonic sound waves off obstructions in its path2. These other senss constantly feed infmation to the computer, which then analyzesthe infmationcrectsadjusts the robot’sactions. As sciencetechnology advance, the robot too will progress in itsfunctionsuse of artificial-intelligence programs.
词汇：
envision v. 想象，预想
device n. 装置
accentuate v. 强调，重读
artificial intelligence n. 人工智能
limb n. 臂
antennae n. 天线
incline v. 倾斜
pendulum n. 钟摆
ultrasonic adj. 超声的
metallic adj. 金属的
monotone n. 单调的
humanoid adj. 像人的
axle n. 轮轴
rotate v. 旋转
swivel n. 旋转
teeter v. 摇晃
gyroscope n. 陀螺仪，回转仪
vertical n. 直立的
注释：
1.To find its way in its surroundings...：为了在周围找到路……
2.the robot bounces beams of laser light ultrasonic sound waves off obstructions in its path：机器人发射激光束和超声波，反射到障碍物上(以此来探知路径)。
练习： 1.Another good title f this passage wouldbe
A.Robots: Taking thePlace of Humans.
B ArtificialIntelligence Programs.
C Today’s RobotsHow They Function.
D Modern-Day Senss.
When you think of a robot, do you envision ashiny, metallic device having the same general shape as a human being,perfming humanlike functions,responding to your questions in a monotonevoice accentuated by high-pitched tonesbeeps? This is the way many of usimagine a robot, but in the real wld, a robot is not humanoid at all. Insteada robot often is a voiceless, box-shaped machine that efficiently carries outrepetitivedangerous functions usually perfmed by humans. Today’s robot is me than an automatic machine that perfms one taskagainagain. A modern robot is programmed with varying degrees ofartificial intelligence—that is, a robot contains acomputer program that tells it how to perfm tasks associated with human intelligence,such as reasoning, drawing conclusions,learning from past experience.
A robot does not possess a human shape fthe simple reason that a two-legged robot has great difficulty remainingbalanced. A robot does, however, move from place to place on wheelsaxlesthat rollrotate. A robot even has limbs that swivelmove incombination with tsmots. To find its way in its surroundings1, arobot utilizes various built-in senss. Antennae attached to the robot’s base detect anything they bump into. If the robot starts to teeteras it moves on an incline, a gyroscopea pendulum inside it senses thevertical differential. To determine its distance from an objecthow quicklyit will reach the object，the robot bounces beams oflaser lightultrasonic sound waves off obstructions in its path2. These other senss constantly feed infmation to the computer, which then analyzesthe infmationcrectsadjusts the robot’sactions. As sciencetechnology advance, the robot too will progress in itsfunctionsuse of artificial-intelligence programs.
词汇：
envision v. 想象，预想
device n. 装置
accentuate v. 强调，重读
artificial intelligence n. 人工智能
limb n. 臂
antennae n. 天线
incline v. 倾斜
pendulum n. 钟摆
ultrasonic adj. 超声的
metallic adj. 金属的
monotone n. 单调的
humanoid adj. 像人的
axle n. 轮轴
rotate v. 旋转
swivel n. 旋转
teeter v. 摇晃
gyroscope n. 陀螺仪，回转仪
vertical n. 直立的
注释：
1.To find its way in its surroundings...：为了在周围找到路……
2.the robot bounces beams of laser light ultrasonic sound waves off obstructions in its path：机器人发射激光束和超声波，反射到障碍物上(以此来探知路径)。
练习： 1.Another good title f this passage wouldbe
A.Robots: Taking thePlace of Humans.
B ArtificialIntelligence Programs.
C Today’s RobotsHow They Function.
D Modern-Day Senss.
共用题干
The Fridge
1.The fridge is considered a necessity.It has been so since the l960s when packaged food first appeared with the label:"Store in the refrigerator."
2.In my fridgeless fifties childhood,I was fed well and healthily.The milkman came daily,the grocer,the butcher,the baker,and the ice-cream man delivered two or three times a week.The Sunday meat would last until Wednesday and surplus bread and milk became all kinds of cakes. Nothing was wasted and we were never troubled by rotten food.Thirty years on,food deliveries have ceased,fresh vegetables are almost unobtainable in the country.
3.The invention of the fridge contributed comparatively little to the art of food preservation.A vast variety of well-tried techniques already existed一natural cooling,drying,smoking,slating, sugaring,bottling…
4.What refrigeration did promote was marketing一marketing hardware and electricity,marketing soft drinks,marketing dead bodies of animals around the globe in search of a good price.
5.Consequently,most of the world's fridges are to be found,not in the tropics where they might prove useful,but in the wealthy countries with mild temperatures where they are climatically almost unnecessary.Every winter,millions of fridges hum away continuously,and at vast expanse,busily maintaining an artificially-cooled space inside an artificially一heated house一while outside,nature provides the desired temperature free of charge.
6.The fridge's effect upon the environment has been evident,while its contribution to human happiness has been insignificant. If you don't believe me,try it yourself. Invest in a food cabinet and turn off your fridge next winter. You may miss the hamburgers but at least you'll get ride of that terrible hum.
If you stop using the fridge,at least you won't be troubled by the noise_______.
A:milk,meat,vegetables,etc.were delivered
B:it has promoted the sales of many kinds of commodities
C:foods can be preserved
D:most kids like iced soft drinks
E:every housewife needs food
F: the fridge produced when it is working
The Fridge
1.The fridge is considered a necessity.It has been so since the l960s when packaged food first appeared with the label:"Store in the refrigerator."
2.In my fridgeless fifties childhood,I was fed well and healthily.The milkman came daily,the grocer,the butcher,the baker,and the ice-cream man delivered two or three times a week.The Sunday meat would last until Wednesday and surplus bread and milk became all kinds of cakes. Nothing was wasted and we were never troubled by rotten food.Thirty years on,food deliveries have ceased,fresh vegetables are almost unobtainable in the country.
3.The invention of the fridge contributed comparatively little to the art of food preservation.A vast variety of well-tried techniques already existed一natural cooling,drying,smoking,slating, sugaring,bottling…
4.What refrigeration did promote was marketing一marketing hardware and electricity,marketing soft drinks,marketing dead bodies of animals around the globe in search of a good price.
5.Consequently,most of the world's fridges are to be found,not in the tropics where they might prove useful,but in the wealthy countries with mild temperatures where they are climatically almost unnecessary.Every winter,millions of fridges hum away continuously,and at vast expanse,busily maintaining an artificially-cooled space inside an artificially一heated house一while outside,nature provides the desired temperature free of charge.
6.The fridge's effect upon the environment has been evident,while its contribution to human happiness has been insignificant. If you don't believe me,try it yourself. Invest in a food cabinet and turn off your fridge next winter. You may miss the hamburgers but at least you'll get ride of that terrible hum.
If you stop using the fridge,at least you won't be troubled by the noise_______.
A:milk,meat,vegetables,etc.were delivered
B:it has promoted the sales of many kinds of commodities
C:foods can be preserved
D:most kids like iced soft drinks
E:every housewife needs food
F: the fridge produced when it is working
共用题干
Travel Across Africa
For six hours we shot through the barren（荒芜的）landscape of the Karoo desert in
South Africa. Just rocks and sand and baking sun. Knowing our journey was ending,Daniel and I just wanted to remember all we had seen and done. He used a camera. I used words. I had already finished three notebooks and was into the fourth,a beautiful leather notebook I'd bought in a market in Mozambique.
Southern Africa was full of stories and visions.We were almost drunk on sensations,the roaring（咆哮）of the water at Victoria Falls, the impossible silence of the Okavango Delta in Botswana.
And then the other things:dogs in the streets,whole families in Soweto living in one room,a kilometre from clean water.
As we drove towards the setting sun,a quietness fell over us. The road was empty一we hadn't seen another car for hours.And as I drove,something caught my eye,something moving close enough to touch them,to smell their hot breath. I didn't know how long they had been there next to us.
I shouted to Dan:“Look!”But he was in a deep sleep,his camera lying useless by his feet. They raced the car for a few seconds,then disappeared far behind us,a memory of he- roic forms in the red landscape.
When Daniel woke up an hour later I told him what had happened.
”Wild horses?”he said.”Why didn't you wake me up,Sophia?”
”I tried. But they were gone after a few seconds.”
”Are you sure you didn't dream it?”
”You were the one who was sleeping!”
”Typical”,he said.”The best photos are the ones we never take.”
We checked into a dusty hotel and slept the sleep of the dead.
Daniel and Sophia saw a lot of wonderful things.
A: Right
B: Wrong
C: Not mentioned
Travel Across Africa
For six hours we shot through the barren（荒芜的）landscape of the Karoo desert in
South Africa. Just rocks and sand and baking sun. Knowing our journey was ending,Daniel and I just wanted to remember all we had seen and done. He used a camera. I used words. I had already finished three notebooks and was into the fourth,a beautiful leather notebook I'd bought in a market in Mozambique.
Southern Africa was full of stories and visions.We were almost drunk on sensations,the roaring（咆哮）of the water at Victoria Falls, the impossible silence of the Okavango Delta in Botswana.
And then the other things:dogs in the streets,whole families in Soweto living in one room,a kilometre from clean water.
As we drove towards the setting sun,a quietness fell over us. The road was empty一we hadn't seen another car for hours.And as I drove,something caught my eye,something moving close enough to touch them,to smell their hot breath. I didn't know how long they had been there next to us.
I shouted to Dan:“Look!”But he was in a deep sleep,his camera lying useless by his feet. They raced the car for a few seconds,then disappeared far behind us,a memory of he- roic forms in the red landscape.
When Daniel woke up an hour later I told him what had happened.
”Wild horses?”he said.”Why didn't you wake me up,Sophia?”
”I tried. But they were gone after a few seconds.”
”Are you sure you didn't dream it?”
”You were the one who was sleeping!”
”Typical”,he said.”The best photos are the ones we never take.”
We checked into a dusty hotel and slept the sleep of the dead.
Daniel and Sophia saw a lot of wonderful things.
A: Right
B: Wrong
C: Not mentioned
共用题干
American Roads
The United States is well-known for its network of major highways designed to help a driver get from one place to another in the shortest possible time._______(51) these wide modem roads are generally_______(52)and well maintained,with_______(53)sharp curves and straight sections,a direct route is not always the most_______(54)one.Large highways often pass _______(55)scenic areas and interesting small towns.Furthermore,these highways generally _______(56)large urban centers,which means that they become crowded with_______(57) traffic during rush hours,_______(58)the"fast,direct"route becomes a very slow route.However,there is almost always another route to take_______(59)you are not in a hurry.Not far from the_______(60)new"superhighways",there are often older,_______(61)heavily traveled roads which go through the countryside._______(62)of these are good two-lane roads; others are uneven roads curving through the country.These secondary routes may go up steep slopes,along high_______(63),or down frightening hillside to towns_______(64)in deep valleys.Through these less direct routes,longer and slower,they generally go to places_______(65)the air is clean and scenery is beautiful,and the driver may have a chance to get a fresh, clean view of the world.
_________(62)
A:All
B:Several
C:Lots
D:Some
American Roads
The United States is well-known for its network of major highways designed to help a driver get from one place to another in the shortest possible time._______(51) these wide modem roads are generally_______(52)and well maintained,with_______(53)sharp curves and straight sections,a direct route is not always the most_______(54)one.Large highways often pass _______(55)scenic areas and interesting small towns.Furthermore,these highways generally _______(56)large urban centers,which means that they become crowded with_______(57) traffic during rush hours,_______(58)the"fast,direct"route becomes a very slow route.However,there is almost always another route to take_______(59)you are not in a hurry.Not far from the_______(60)new"superhighways",there are often older,_______(61)heavily traveled roads which go through the countryside._______(62)of these are good two-lane roads; others are uneven roads curving through the country.These secondary routes may go up steep slopes,along high_______(63),or down frightening hillside to towns_______(64)in deep valleys.Through these less direct routes,longer and slower,they generally go to places_______(65)the air is clean and scenery is beautiful,and the driver may have a chance to get a fresh, clean view of the world.
_________(62)
A:All
B:Several
C:Lots
D:Some
共用题干
Chimpanzees
1 Chimpanzees（黑猩猩）will soon be extinct（灭绝）.If the present rate of hunting and habitat（栖息地）destruction continues, then within 20 years, there will be no chimpanzees living in the wild. But this is more than an environmental or moral tragedy（悲剧）.Chimpan-zee extinction may also have profound implications（含意）for the survival of their distant relatives一human beings.
2 In 1975 the biologist Marie-Claire King and Allan Wilson discovered that the human and chimpanzee genomes（基因组）match by over 98%. Compare this to the mouse, used as model for human disease in lab tests,which shares only 60% of its DNA with us.In fact, chimpanzees are far more similar to humans than they are to any other species of monkey. As well as resembling us genetically,chimps are highly intelligent and able to use tools.These facts alone should be enough to make protection of chimps an urgent priority（优先）.But there is another,more selfish reason to preserve the chimp.
3 The chimpanzees' trump card（王牌）comes in the field of medical research. Chimpan-zees are so similar to humans that veterinarians（兽医）often refer to human medical text-books when treating them. Yet chimpanzees do show differences in several key areas.In parti-cular,chimps are much more resistant to a number of major diseases.It is this ability that is so interesting.
4 For example,chimps seem to show a much higher resistance than humans to HIV,the virus that causes AIDS. Indeed,their use as experimental animals in AIDS research has de-clined because they are so resistant.
5 By sequencing the chimp genome and pinpointing（找到）the place where the chimpan-zee DNA sequence differs from that of humans,scientists hope to be able to discover which part of the genetic code gives chimps their increased resistance to some diseases. This,they hope,will allow them to develop new and more effective treatments for the human forms of these diseases. Such treatments could include the production of new drugs or even the altera-tion（改变）of the human genetic sequence. The recently completed human genome sequen-cing project has shown that such an effort is now well within our reach.
Chimpanzee extinction may affect______.
A: some human disease treatments
B: some diseases
C: human survival
D: human genomes
E: key areas
F: healthier lifestyle
Chimpanzees
1 Chimpanzees（黑猩猩）will soon be extinct（灭绝）.If the present rate of hunting and habitat（栖息地）destruction continues, then within 20 years, there will be no chimpanzees living in the wild. But this is more than an environmental or moral tragedy（悲剧）.Chimpan-zee extinction may also have profound implications（含意）for the survival of their distant relatives一human beings.
2 In 1975 the biologist Marie-Claire King and Allan Wilson discovered that the human and chimpanzee genomes（基因组）match by over 98%. Compare this to the mouse, used as model for human disease in lab tests,which shares only 60% of its DNA with us.In fact, chimpanzees are far more similar to humans than they are to any other species of monkey. As well as resembling us genetically,chimps are highly intelligent and able to use tools.These facts alone should be enough to make protection of chimps an urgent priority（优先）.But there is another,more selfish reason to preserve the chimp.
3 The chimpanzees' trump card（王牌）comes in the field of medical research. Chimpan-zees are so similar to humans that veterinarians（兽医）often refer to human medical text-books when treating them. Yet chimpanzees do show differences in several key areas.In parti-cular,chimps are much more resistant to a number of major diseases.It is this ability that is so interesting.
4 For example,chimps seem to show a much higher resistance than humans to HIV,the virus that causes AIDS. Indeed,their use as experimental animals in AIDS research has de-clined because they are so resistant.
5 By sequencing the chimp genome and pinpointing（找到）the place where the chimpan-zee DNA sequence differs from that of humans,scientists hope to be able to discover which part of the genetic code gives chimps their increased resistance to some diseases. This,they hope,will allow them to develop new and more effective treatments for the human forms of these diseases. Such treatments could include the production of new drugs or even the altera-tion（改变）of the human genetic sequence. The recently completed human genome sequen-cing project has shown that such an effort is now well within our reach.
Chimpanzee extinction may affect______.
A: some human disease treatments
B: some diseases
C: human survival
D: human genomes
E: key areas
F: healthier lifestyle
共用题干
Plants in Desert
Only special plants can survive the terrible climate of a desert,for these are regions where the annual range of the soil temperature can be over 75℃．Furthermore,during the summer there are few clouds in the sky to protect plants from the sun's ray.Another problem is the fact that there are frequently strong winds that drive small,sharp particles of sand into the plants,tearing and damaging them.The most difficult problem for all forms of plant life,however,is the fact that the entire annual rainfall occurs during a few days or weeks in spring.
Grasses and flowers in desert survive from one year to the next by existing through the long,hot,dry season in the form of seeds.These seeds remain inactive unless the right amount of rain falls.If no rain falls,or if insufficient rain falls,they wait until the next year,or even still the next.Another factor that helps these plants to survive is the fact that their life cycles are short.By the time the water from the spring rains disappears-just a few weeks after it falls-such plants no longer need any.
The perennials（多年生植物）have special features that enable them to survive as plants for several years.Thus,nearly all desert perennials have extensive root systems below ground and a small shoot system above ground.The large root network enables the plant to absorb as much water as possible in short time.
The small shoot system,on the other hand,considerably limits water loss by evaporation（蒸发）.
Another feature of many perennials is that after the rainy season they lose their leaves in preparation for the long,dry season,just as trees in wetter climates lose theirs in preparation for the winter.This reduces their water loss by evaporation during the dry season.Then,in next rainy season,they come fully alive once more,and grow new branches,leaves and flowers,just as the grasses and flowers in desert do.
The shoot system of perennials can help the plants absorb less of the sun's ray.
A:Right
B:Wrong
C:Not mentioned
Plants in Desert
Only special plants can survive the terrible climate of a desert,for these are regions where the annual range of the soil temperature can be over 75℃．Furthermore,during the summer there are few clouds in the sky to protect plants from the sun's ray.Another problem is the fact that there are frequently strong winds that drive small,sharp particles of sand into the plants,tearing and damaging them.The most difficult problem for all forms of plant life,however,is the fact that the entire annual rainfall occurs during a few days or weeks in spring.
Grasses and flowers in desert survive from one year to the next by existing through the long,hot,dry season in the form of seeds.These seeds remain inactive unless the right amount of rain falls.If no rain falls,or if insufficient rain falls,they wait until the next year,or even still the next.Another factor that helps these plants to survive is the fact that their life cycles are short.By the time the water from the spring rains disappears-just a few weeks after it falls-such plants no longer need any.
The perennials（多年生植物）have special features that enable them to survive as plants for several years.Thus,nearly all desert perennials have extensive root systems below ground and a small shoot system above ground.The large root network enables the plant to absorb as much water as possible in short time.
The small shoot system,on the other hand,considerably limits water loss by evaporation（蒸发）.
Another feature of many perennials is that after the rainy season they lose their leaves in preparation for the long,dry season,just as trees in wetter climates lose theirs in preparation for the winter.This reduces their water loss by evaporation during the dry season.Then,in next rainy season,they come fully alive once more,and grow new branches,leaves and flowers,just as the grasses and flowers in desert do.
The shoot system of perennials can help the plants absorb less of the sun's ray.
A:Right
B:Wrong
C:Not mentioned
共用题干
Ford
1 Ford's great strength was the manufacturing process一not invention.Long before he
started a car company,he was a worker,known for picking up pieces of metal and wire
and turning them into machines.He started putting cars together in 1891.Although it was
by no means the first popular automobile,the Model T showed the world just how creative
Ford was at combining technology and market.
2 The company's assembly line alone threw America's Industrial Revolution into overdrive
（高速运转）.Instead of having workers put together the entire car , Ford's friends , who
were great toolmakers from Scotland,organized teams that added parts to each Model T as
it moved down a line. By the time Ford's Highland Park plant was humming（嗡嗡作响）
along in 1914,the world's first automatic conveyor belt could turn out a car every 93
minutes.
3 The same year Henry Ford shocked the world with the$5-a-day minimum wage scheme,
the greatest contribution he had ever made. The average wage in the auto industry then
was $2.34 for a 9-hour shift. Ford not only doubled that,he also took an hour off the
workday.In those years it was unthinkable that a man could be paid that much for doing
something that didn't involve an awful lot of training or education.The Wall Street Journal
called the plan"an economic crime",and critics everywhere laughed at Ford.
4 But as the wage increased later to daily$10,it proved a critical component of Ford's
dream to make the automobile accessible（可及的）to all. The critics were too stupid to
understand that because Ford had lowered his costs per car,the higher wages didn't
matter一 except for making it possible for more people to buy cars.
Paragraph 4_______
A:Ford's Followers
B:The Assembly Line
C:Ford's Great Dream
D:The Establishment of the Company
E:Ford's Biggest Contribution
F:Ford's Great Talent
Ford
1 Ford's great strength was the manufacturing process一not invention.Long before he
started a car company,he was a worker,known for picking up pieces of metal and wire
and turning them into machines.He started putting cars together in 1891.Although it was
by no means the first popular automobile,the Model T showed the world just how creative
Ford was at combining technology and market.
2 The company's assembly line alone threw America's Industrial Revolution into overdrive
（高速运转）.Instead of having workers put together the entire car , Ford's friends , who
were great toolmakers from Scotland,organized teams that added parts to each Model T as
it moved down a line. By the time Ford's Highland Park plant was humming（嗡嗡作响）
along in 1914,the world's first automatic conveyor belt could turn out a car every 93
minutes.
3 The same year Henry Ford shocked the world with the$5-a-day minimum wage scheme,
the greatest contribution he had ever made. The average wage in the auto industry then
was $2.34 for a 9-hour shift. Ford not only doubled that,he also took an hour off the
workday.In those years it was unthinkable that a man could be paid that much for doing
something that didn't involve an awful lot of training or education.The Wall Street Journal
called the plan"an economic crime",and critics everywhere laughed at Ford.
4 But as the wage increased later to daily$10,it proved a critical component of Ford's
dream to make the automobile accessible（可及的）to all. The critics were too stupid to
understand that because Ford had lowered his costs per car,the higher wages didn't
matter一 except for making it possible for more people to buy cars.
Paragraph 4_______
A:Ford's Followers
B:The Assembly Line
C:Ford's Great Dream
D:The Establishment of the Company
E:Ford's Biggest Contribution
F:Ford's Great Talent
共用题干
Giant Structures
It is an impossible task to select the most amazing wonders of the modern world since every year more______(1)constructions appear. Here are three giant structures which are worthy of our admiration______(2)they may have been surpassed by some more recent wonders.
The Petronas Twin Towers
The Petronas Towers were the tallest buildings in the world when they were completed in 1999.______(3)a height of 452 metres,the tall twin towers,like two thin pencils,dominate the city of Kuala Lumpur. At the 41st floor,the towers are______(4)by a bridge,symbolizing a gateway to the city. The American architect Cesar Pelli designed the skyscrapers.
Constructed of high-strength concrete,the building______(5)around 1,800 square metres of office space on every floor. And it has a shopping centre and a concert hall at the base.Other______(6)of this impressive building include double-decker lifts,and glass and steel sunshades.
The Millau Bridge
The Millau Bridge was opened in 2004 in the Tarn Valley,in southern France. At the ______(7)it was built,it was the world,5 highest bridge,______(8)over 340m at the highest point. The bridge is described as one of the most amazingly beautiful bridges in the world. It was built to ________ (9) Millau's congestion（拥堵）problems. The congestion was then caused by traffic passing from Paris to Barcelona in Spain. The bridge was built to with-stand the______(10) extreme seismic（地震的）and climatic conditions. Besides , it is guar- anteed for 120 years!
The Itaipu Dam
The Itaipu hydroelectric power plant is one of the largest constructions of its kind in the world.
It______(11)of a series of dams across the River Parana,______(12)forms a natural border between Brazil and Paraguay. Started in 1975 and taking 16 years to complete, the construction was carried out as a joint project between the two______(13).The dam is well-known for both its electricity output and its size. In 1995 it produced 78% of Paraguay's and 25% Of Brazil's______(14)needs. In its construction,the amount of iron and steel used was equivalent to over 300 Eiffel Towers.It is a______(15)amazing wonder of engineering.
14._________
A: water
B: energy
C: oil
D: food
Giant Structures
It is an impossible task to select the most amazing wonders of the modern world since every year more______(1)constructions appear. Here are three giant structures which are worthy of our admiration______(2)they may have been surpassed by some more recent wonders.
The Petronas Twin Towers
The Petronas Towers were the tallest buildings in the world when they were completed in 1999.______(3)a height of 452 metres,the tall twin towers,like two thin pencils,dominate the city of Kuala Lumpur. At the 41st floor,the towers are______(4)by a bridge,symbolizing a gateway to the city. The American architect Cesar Pelli designed the skyscrapers.
Constructed of high-strength concrete,the building______(5)around 1,800 square metres of office space on every floor. And it has a shopping centre and a concert hall at the base.Other______(6)of this impressive building include double-decker lifts,and glass and steel sunshades.
The Millau Bridge
The Millau Bridge was opened in 2004 in the Tarn Valley,in southern France. At the ______(7)it was built,it was the world,5 highest bridge,______(8)over 340m at the highest point. The bridge is described as one of the most amazingly beautiful bridges in the world. It was built to ________ (9) Millau's congestion（拥堵）problems. The congestion was then caused by traffic passing from Paris to Barcelona in Spain. The bridge was built to with-stand the______(10) extreme seismic（地震的）and climatic conditions. Besides , it is guar- anteed for 120 years!
The Itaipu Dam
The Itaipu hydroelectric power plant is one of the largest constructions of its kind in the world.
It______(11)of a series of dams across the River Parana,______(12)forms a natural border between Brazil and Paraguay. Started in 1975 and taking 16 years to complete, the construction was carried out as a joint project between the two______(13).The dam is well-known for both its electricity output and its size. In 1995 it produced 78% of Paraguay's and 25% Of Brazil's______(14)needs. In its construction,the amount of iron and steel used was equivalent to over 300 Eiffel Towers.It is a______(15)amazing wonder of engineering.
14._________
A: water
B: energy
C: oil
D: food
The police believe the motive for the murder was jealousy.
A:choice
B:idea
C:decision
D:reason
A:choice
B:idea
C:decision
D:reason
The conclusion can be deduced from the premises.
A:gone
B:derived
C:done
D:come
A:gone
B:derived
C:done
D:come
共用题干
Stage Fright
Fall down as you come onstage .That's an odd trick.Not recommended.But it saved the pi- anist Vladimir Felts man when he was a teenager back in Moscow.The veteran cellist Mstislav Rostropovich tripped him purposely to cure him of pre-performance panic,Mr. Felts man said, “All my fright was_______(51).I already fell.What else could happen?”
Today,music schools are addressing the problem of anxiety in classes that_______(52) with performance techniques and career preparation.There are a variety of strategies that musici-ans can learn to_______(53)stage fright and its symptoms:icy fingers,shaky limbs,racing heart,blank mind.
Teachers and psychologists offer wide-ranging advice,from basics like learning pieces inside out,_______(54)mental discipline,such as visualizing a performance and taking steps to re- lax .Don't_______(55)that you're jittery,they urge;some excitement is natural,even necessa-ry for dynamic playing. And play in public often,simply for the experience.
Psychotherapist Diane Nichols suggests some_______(56)for the moments before perform-ance,“Take two deep abdominal breaths,open up your shoulders,then smile,”she says.“And not one of these‘please don't kill me'smiles.Then_______(57)three friendly faces in the au-
dience,people you would communicate with and make music to,and make eye contact with them.”She doesn't want performers to think of the audience_______(58)a judge.
Extreme demands by mentors or parents are often at the_______(59)of stage fright,says Dorothy Delay,a well-known violin teacher. She tells other teachers to demand only what their students are able to achieve.
When Lynn Harrell was 20,he became the principal cellist of the Cleveland Orchestra,and he suffered extreme stage fright.“There were times when I got so_______(60)I was sure the audience could see my chest responding to the throbbing. It was just total panic.I came to a _______(61)where I thought,If I have to go through this to play music,I think I'm going to look for another job.” Recovery,he said,involved developing humility-recognizing that _______(62)his talent,he was fallible,and that an imperfect concert was not a disaster.
It is not only young artists who suffer,of course.The legendary pianist Vladimir Horowitz's nerves were famous.The great tenor Franco Corelli is another example.“They had to push him on stage,”Soprano Renata Scotto recalled.
_______(63),success can make things worse.“In the beginning of your career,when you're scared to death,nobody knows who you are,and they don't have any_______(64),”So-prano June Anderson said.
“There's_______(65)to lose .Later on,when you're known,peo- ple are coming to see you,and they have certain expectations.You have a lot to lose.”
Anderson added,“I never stop being nervous until I've sung my last note.”
52._________
A:.deal
B: work
C: enroll
D: communicate
Stage Fright
Fall down as you come onstage .That's an odd trick.Not recommended.But it saved the pi- anist Vladimir Felts man when he was a teenager back in Moscow.The veteran cellist Mstislav Rostropovich tripped him purposely to cure him of pre-performance panic,Mr. Felts man said, “All my fright was_______(51).I already fell.What else could happen?”
Today,music schools are addressing the problem of anxiety in classes that_______(52) with performance techniques and career preparation.There are a variety of strategies that musici-ans can learn to_______(53)stage fright and its symptoms:icy fingers,shaky limbs,racing heart,blank mind.
Teachers and psychologists offer wide-ranging advice,from basics like learning pieces inside out,_______(54)mental discipline,such as visualizing a performance and taking steps to re- lax .Don't_______(55)that you're jittery,they urge;some excitement is natural,even necessa-ry for dynamic playing. And play in public often,simply for the experience.
Psychotherapist Diane Nichols suggests some_______(56)for the moments before perform-ance,“Take two deep abdominal breaths,open up your shoulders,then smile,”she says.“And not one of these‘please don't kill me'smiles.Then_______(57)three friendly faces in the au-
dience,people you would communicate with and make music to,and make eye contact with them.”She doesn't want performers to think of the audience_______(58)a judge.
Extreme demands by mentors or parents are often at the_______(59)of stage fright,says Dorothy Delay,a well-known violin teacher. She tells other teachers to demand only what their students are able to achieve.
When Lynn Harrell was 20,he became the principal cellist of the Cleveland Orchestra,and he suffered extreme stage fright.“There were times when I got so_______(60)I was sure the audience could see my chest responding to the throbbing. It was just total panic.I came to a _______(61)where I thought,If I have to go through this to play music,I think I'm going to look for another job.” Recovery,he said,involved developing humility-recognizing that _______(62)his talent,he was fallible,and that an imperfect concert was not a disaster.
It is not only young artists who suffer,of course.The legendary pianist Vladimir Horowitz's nerves were famous.The great tenor Franco Corelli is another example.“They had to push him on stage,”Soprano Renata Scotto recalled.
_______(63),success can make things worse.“In the beginning of your career,when you're scared to death,nobody knows who you are,and they don't have any_______(64),”So-prano June Anderson said.
“There's_______(65)to lose .Later on,when you're known,peo- ple are coming to see you,and they have certain expectations.You have a lot to lose.”
Anderson added,“I never stop being nervous until I've sung my last note.”
52._________
A:.deal
B: work
C: enroll
D: communicate
共用题干
Science and Truth
“FINAGLE”（欺骗）is not a word that most people associate with science. One reason is that the image of the scientist is of one who always______ (51)data in an impartial（不偏不倚的）search for truth. In any debate______ ( 52 ) intelligence , schooling , energy—the phrase“science says”usually disarms opposition.
But scientists have long acknowledged the existence of a“finagle factor”—a tendency by many scientists to give a helpful change to the data to______(53)desired results.The latest of the finagle factor in action comes from Stephen Jay Gould,a Harvard biologist,who has ______(54)the important 19th century work of Dr. Samuel George Morton.Morton was fa-mous in his time for analysing the brain______(55)of the skulls as a measure of intelligence.
He concluded that whites had the largest brains,that the brains of Indians and blacks were smaller,and______(56),that whites constitute a superior race.
Gould went back to Morton's original data and concluded that the______(57)were an example of the finagle at work .He found that Morton's“discovery”was made by leaving out embarrassing data,______(58)incorrect procedures,and changing his criteria-again,always in fayour of his argument. Morton has been thoroughly discredited by now and scientists do not believe that brain size reflects______(59).
But Gould went on to say Morton's story is only an example of a common problem in ______(60)work .Some of the leading figures in science are______(61)to have used the finagle factor. Gould says that Isaac Newton fudged out（捏造）to support at least three central statements that he could not prove .And so______(62)Laudius Ptolemy,the Greek astronomer,whose master work,Almagest,summed up the case for a solar system that had the earth asits centre .Recent______(63)indicate that Ptolemy either faked some key data or resorted heavily to the finagle factor.
All this is important because the finagle factor is still at work.For example,in the artificial sweetener controversy,it is______(64)that all the studies sponsored by the sugar industry find that the artificial sweetener is unsafe,______(65)all the studies sponsored by the diet food industry find nothing wrong with it.
54._________
A:. created
B: written
C: examined
D: produced
Science and Truth
“FINAGLE”（欺骗）is not a word that most people associate with science. One reason is that the image of the scientist is of one who always______ (51)data in an impartial（不偏不倚的）search for truth. In any debate______ ( 52 ) intelligence , schooling , energy—the phrase“science says”usually disarms opposition.
But scientists have long acknowledged the existence of a“finagle factor”—a tendency by many scientists to give a helpful change to the data to______(53)desired results.The latest of the finagle factor in action comes from Stephen Jay Gould,a Harvard biologist,who has ______(54)the important 19th century work of Dr. Samuel George Morton.Morton was fa-mous in his time for analysing the brain______(55)of the skulls as a measure of intelligence.
He concluded that whites had the largest brains,that the brains of Indians and blacks were smaller,and______(56),that whites constitute a superior race.
Gould went back to Morton's original data and concluded that the______(57)were an example of the finagle at work .He found that Morton's“discovery”was made by leaving out embarrassing data,______(58)incorrect procedures,and changing his criteria-again,always in fayour of his argument. Morton has been thoroughly discredited by now and scientists do not believe that brain size reflects______(59).
But Gould went on to say Morton's story is only an example of a common problem in ______(60)work .Some of the leading figures in science are______(61)to have used the finagle factor. Gould says that Isaac Newton fudged out（捏造）to support at least three central statements that he could not prove .And so______(62)Laudius Ptolemy,the Greek astronomer,whose master work,Almagest,summed up the case for a solar system that had the earth asits centre .Recent______(63)indicate that Ptolemy either faked some key data or resorted heavily to the finagle factor.
All this is important because the finagle factor is still at work.For example,in the artificial sweetener controversy,it is______(64)that all the studies sponsored by the sugar industry find that the artificial sweetener is unsafe,______(65)all the studies sponsored by the diet food industry find nothing wrong with it.
54._________
A:. created
B: written
C: examined
D: produced
While some office jobs would seem boring to many people,there are quite a few jobs that are stimulating,exciting and satisfying.
A:hostile
B:tedious
C:fantastic
D:courageous
A:hostile
B:tedious
C:fantastic
D:courageous
共用题干
Voice Your Opinion一Change is Needed in Youth Sports
Everywhere you look,you see kids bouncing。basketball or waving a tennis racquet（网球拍）.And
these kids are getting younger and younger. In some countries,children can compete on basketball,base-
ball,and volleyball teams starting at age nine._____________ (46)And swimming and gynmastics classes begin
at age four, to prepare children for competition.
It's true that a few of these kids will develop into highly skilled athletes and may even become members
of the national Olympic teams._____________ (47)This emphasis on competition in sports is having serious
negative effects.
Children who get involved in competitive sports at a young age often grow tired of their sport. Many
parents pressure their kids to choose one sport and devote all their time to it._____________ (48)But 66 per-
cent of the young athletes wanted to play more than one sport一for fun.
Another problem is the pressure imposed by over-competitive parents and coaches. Children are not
naturally competitive. In fact,a recent study by Paulo David found that most children don' t even understand
the idea of competition until they are seven years old._____________ (49)
The third,and biggest,problem for young athletes is the lack of time to do their homework,have fun,
be with friends一in short,time to be kids. When they are forced to spend every afternoon at sports practice,
they often start to hate their chosen sport. A research found that 70 percent of kids who take part in competi-
tive spoils before the age of twelve quit before they turn eighteen._____________(50) Excessive competitive
sports take away all the enjoyment.
Need to remember the purpose of youth sportsweto give kids a chance to have developing, strong,
healthy bodies.
__________(50)
A: But what about the others,the average kids?
B: The youth soccer organization has teams for children as young as five.
C: A survey found that 79 percent of parents of young athletes wanted their children to concentrate on one sport.
D: Very young kids don't know why their parents are pushing them so hard.
E: Sports for children have two important purposes.
F: Many of them completely lose interest in sports.
Voice Your Opinion一Change is Needed in Youth Sports
Everywhere you look,you see kids bouncing。basketball or waving a tennis racquet（网球拍）.And
these kids are getting younger and younger. In some countries,children can compete on basketball,base-
ball,and volleyball teams starting at age nine._____________ (46)And swimming and gynmastics classes begin
at age four, to prepare children for competition.
It's true that a few of these kids will develop into highly skilled athletes and may even become members
of the national Olympic teams._____________ (47)This emphasis on competition in sports is having serious
negative effects.
Children who get involved in competitive sports at a young age often grow tired of their sport. Many
parents pressure their kids to choose one sport and devote all their time to it._____________ (48)But 66 per-
cent of the young athletes wanted to play more than one sport一for fun.
Another problem is the pressure imposed by over-competitive parents and coaches. Children are not
naturally competitive. In fact,a recent study by Paulo David found that most children don' t even understand
the idea of competition until they are seven years old._____________ (49)
The third,and biggest,problem for young athletes is the lack of time to do their homework,have fun,
be with friends一in short,time to be kids. When they are forced to spend every afternoon at sports practice,
they often start to hate their chosen sport. A research found that 70 percent of kids who take part in competi-
tive spoils before the age of twelve quit before they turn eighteen._____________(50) Excessive competitive
sports take away all the enjoyment.
Need to remember the purpose of youth sportsweto give kids a chance to have developing, strong,
healthy bodies.
__________(50)
A: But what about the others,the average kids?
B: The youth soccer organization has teams for children as young as five.
C: A survey found that 79 percent of parents of young athletes wanted their children to concentrate on one sport.
D: Very young kids don't know why their parents are pushing them so hard.
E: Sports for children have two important purposes.
F: Many of them completely lose interest in sports.
共用题干
第二篇
Eye-tracker Lets You Drag and Drop Files With a Glance
Bored of using a mouse?Soon you'11 be able to change stuff on your computer screen-and then move it directly onto your smartphone or tablet（平板电脑）-with nothing more than a glance.
A system called EyeDrop uses a head-mounted eye tracker that simultaneously records your field of view, so it knows where you are looking on the screen.Gazing at an object-a photo,say-and then pressing a key, selects that object.It can then be moved from the screen to a tablet or smartphone just by glancing at the second device,as long as the two are connected wirelessly.
"The beauty of using gaze to support this is that our eyes naturally focus on content that we want to acquire,"says Jayson Turner,who developed the system with colleagues at Lancaster University,UK.
Turner believes EyeDrop would be useful to transfer an interactive map or contact information from a public display to your smartphone or tablet for sharing photos.
A button needs to be used to select the object you are looking at otherwise you end up with the"Midas touch"（点石成金）effect , whereby everything you look at gets selected by your gaze , says Turner."Imagine if your mouse clicked on everything it pointed at,"he says.
Christian Holz,a researcher in human-computer interaction at Yahoo Labs in Sunnyvale,California, says the system is a nice take on getting round this fundamental problem of using gaze-tracking to interact." EyeDrop solves this in a slick（灵巧的）way by combining it with input on the touch devices we carry with us most of the time anyway and using touch input as a clutching mechanism,"he says."This now allows users to seamlessly（无缝地）interact across devices far and close in a very natural manner."
While current eye-trackers are rather bulky,mainstream consumer devices are not too far away.Swedish firm Tobii is developing gaze-tracking technology that can be installed in laptops and tablets and is expected to be available to buy next year.And the Google Glass headset is expected to include eye-tracking in the future.
Turner says he has also looked at how content can be cut and pasted or drag-and-dropped using a mix of gaze and taps on a touchscreen.The system was presented at the Conference on Mobile and Ubiquitous Multimedia in Sweden,last week.
What is Turner likely to study next?
A:How to drag and drop with gaze and taps.
B:How to present the system in public.
C:How to get touchscreen involved.
D:How to cut and paste content from a public display.
第二篇
Eye-tracker Lets You Drag and Drop Files With a Glance
Bored of using a mouse?Soon you'11 be able to change stuff on your computer screen-and then move it directly onto your smartphone or tablet（平板电脑）-with nothing more than a glance.
A system called EyeDrop uses a head-mounted eye tracker that simultaneously records your field of view, so it knows where you are looking on the screen.Gazing at an object-a photo,say-and then pressing a key, selects that object.It can then be moved from the screen to a tablet or smartphone just by glancing at the second device,as long as the two are connected wirelessly.
"The beauty of using gaze to support this is that our eyes naturally focus on content that we want to acquire,"says Jayson Turner,who developed the system with colleagues at Lancaster University,UK.
Turner believes EyeDrop would be useful to transfer an interactive map or contact information from a public display to your smartphone or tablet for sharing photos.
A button needs to be used to select the object you are looking at otherwise you end up with the"Midas touch"（点石成金）effect , whereby everything you look at gets selected by your gaze , says Turner."Imagine if your mouse clicked on everything it pointed at,"he says.
Christian Holz,a researcher in human-computer interaction at Yahoo Labs in Sunnyvale,California, says the system is a nice take on getting round this fundamental problem of using gaze-tracking to interact." EyeDrop solves this in a slick（灵巧的）way by combining it with input on the touch devices we carry with us most of the time anyway and using touch input as a clutching mechanism,"he says."This now allows users to seamlessly（无缝地）interact across devices far and close in a very natural manner."
While current eye-trackers are rather bulky,mainstream consumer devices are not too far away.Swedish firm Tobii is developing gaze-tracking technology that can be installed in laptops and tablets and is expected to be available to buy next year.And the Google Glass headset is expected to include eye-tracking in the future.
Turner says he has also looked at how content can be cut and pasted or drag-and-dropped using a mix of gaze and taps on a touchscreen.The system was presented at the Conference on Mobile and Ubiquitous Multimedia in Sweden,last week.
What is Turner likely to study next?
A:How to drag and drop with gaze and taps.
B:How to present the system in public.
C:How to get touchscreen involved.
D:How to cut and paste content from a public display.