Peer-editing during class is an important step of the _______ approach to teaching writine。

A.genre-based B.content-based C.process-oriented D.product-oriented

请阅读Passage 1，完成小题。

Passage 1

For many people, there is a very well-established stereotype that the first—class American universities are simply the best. However, I am not quite convinced of that. When I look back at my academic formation in the USA and compare it to the academic formation some of my friends had at Brazil. I don't feel like I am more prepared than my peers. Thus, I am currently facing a dilemma of whether to pursue my graduate studies in Brazil or in the USA.

The difference in our academic backgrounds, however, is the more liberal nature of American education. From my experience at Georgetown, and from what I know of American higher education, there are very few strict requirements imposed on students. Generally speaking, you are relatively free to take whichever classes you want, provided that they are under the scope of your major field of study.

To illustrate, J compared the master s degrees in economics from Duke and Fundacao Getulio Vargas (FGV), a Brazilian university. I chose to present a master's degree comparison here because the short two-year study period makes it simpler than comparing a four-year program. Duke's program works like this: you pick a field of study and then have a required number of courses that you have to take in certain areas. Most of the requirements are not course-specific, but area-specific. With some fields of study, you can skip certain areas altogether. lf you choose to get a master's degree in applied economics, for instance, you don't have to take any mathematic courses. In FGV, all economics students need to take the same core structure: Microeconomic-s 1 through 4, Macroeconomics l through 3, Econometrics, Statistics l and 2, and Math for Economics 1 and 2. From then on, you can specialize in certain fields, and the elective structure seems to be the same as In Duke: you pick five electives from your main area c est.

This seems to be the same kind of difference that I noticed comparing what I studied in Georgetown as an undergraduate to what some of my friends studied in their undergraduate careers in Brazil. Now, is this more liberal education good or bad'? There are factors pulling it each way and the ideal solution, in my view, is a reasonable middle ground. What I see happening in American universities, however. is a little too much liberalization. Too much liberty tends to encourage students to take the more “interesting" courses, and ignore those that are considered most "boring". The problel11 is that many of these “boring" courses are usually foundational, which give students the analytical tools they need in order to be truly competent in their fields of study.

In the end, I feel like American universities sometimes delegate too much responsibility to students in terms of choosing their academic careers. For me, this is troubling. Students in their twenties usually have very little experience in the field they are studying, and many times the don't really know the tools they need to succeed in their area of interest. It is certainly the case in my situation. Fortunately. I research and discuss a lot before picking my classes, and was able to take advantage of my liberal American education to build both a strong foundation and take classes that interest me. But is this always the case? From my experience, I think not. What I see happening at Georgetown is that many students just pick the classes they find most interesting, without any real consideration of how it is going to support their overall academic formation. This result is a deficit in fundamentals.

1. Which of the following influences the writer's judgment of the universities in the passage1?

A. The academic information provided by his friends in Brazil.

B. The information obtained from the university authorities.

C. Those commonly held beliefs concerning the ranking of universities.

D. The learning experience of himself in the USA and that of his friends in Brazil.

2. Why did the writer choo