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共用题干
Every Dog Has His Say
Kimiko Fukuda always wondered what her dog was trying to say.Whenever she put on make-up,it would pull at her sleeve.______(46)When the dog barks,she glances at a small elec-tronic gadget(装置).The following" human" translation appears on its screen; "Please take me with you.""I realized that's how he was feeling."says Fukuda.
The gadget is called Bowlingual,and it translates dog barks into feelings.People laughed when the Japanese toymaker Takara Company made the world's first dog-human translation ma-chine in 2002 .But 300,000 Japanese dog owners bought it.______(47)
"Nobody else had thought about it."said Masahiko Kajita,who works for Takara."We spend so much time training dogs to understand our orders;what would it be like if we could understand dogs?"
Bowlingual has two parts.______(48)The translation is done in the gadget using a data-base containing every kind of bark.
Based on animal behavior research,these noises are divided into six categories:happiness, sadness,frustration,anger,declaration and desire.______(49)In this way,the database scien-tifically matches a bark to an emotion,which is then translated into one of 200 phrases.
When a visitor went to Fukuda's house recently,the dog barked a loud"wow wow".______(50)It was followed by"I'm stronger than you"as the dog growled and sniffed(嗅)at the visitor. The product will be available in US pet stores this summer for about US$120.It can store up to 100 barks,even recording the dog's emotions when the owner is away.
______(50)
A: A wireless microphone is attached to the dog's collar,which sends information to the gadget held by the owner.
B: Nobody really knows how a dog feels.
C: This translated as"Don't come this way".
D: More customers are expected when the English version is launched this summer.
E: Now,the Japanese girl thinks she knows.
F: Each one of these emotions is then linked to a phrase like"Let's play","Look at me",or "Spend more time with me".
I don't quite follow what she is saying.
A: observe
B: understand
C: explain
D: describe
Anderson left the table,remarking that he had some work to do.
A: doubting
B: thinking
C: saying
D: knowing
Her comments about men are utterly ridiculous.
A: slightly
B: partly
C: faintly
D: completely
You should have blended the butter with the sugar thoroughly before you heated them.
A:spread
B:mixed
C:beaten
D:covered
共用题干
The Biology of Music
Humans use music as a powerful way to communicate.It may also play an important role in love.But what is music,and how does it work its magic?Science does not yet have all the answers.
What are two things that make humans different from animals?One is language,and the other is music. It is true that some animals.can sing(and many birds sing better than a lot of people).However,the songs of animals,such as birds and whales,are very limited.It is also true that humans,not animals,have developed musical instruments.
Music is strange stuff.It is clearly different from language.However,people can use.music to communicate things-especially their emotions.When music is combined with speech in a song,it is a very powerfnl form of communication.But,biologically speaking,what is music?
If music is truly different from speech,then we should process music and language in different parts of the brain.The scientific evidence suggests that this is true.
Sometimes people who suffer brain damage lose their ability to process language.However,they don't automatically(自动地)lose their musical abilities.For example , Vissarion Shebalin , a Russian composer , had a stroke(中风)in 1953.It injured the left side of his brain.He could no longer speak or understand speech.He could,however,still compose music until his death ten years later.On the other hand,sometimes strokes cause people to lose their musical ability,but they can still speak and understand speech.This shows that the brain processes music and language separately.
By studying the physical effects of music on the body,scientists have also learned a lot about how music influences the emotions.But why does music have such a strong effect on us?That is a harder question to answer.Geoffrey Miller,a researcher at University College,London,thinks that music and love have a strong connection.Music requires -special talent,practice,and physical ability.That's why it may be a way of showing your fitness to be someone's mate.For example,singing in tune or playing a musical instrument requires fine muscular control.You also need a good memory to remmher the notes(音符).And playing or singing those notes correctly suggests that your hearing is in excellent condition.Finally,when a man sings to the woman he loves(or vice versa),it may be a way of showing off.
However,Miller's theory still doesn't explain why certain combinations of sounds influence our emotions so deeply.For scientists,this is clearly an area that needs fuither research.
The author doesn't suggest that______.
A:music requires special talent
B:music requires practice
C:music requires psychological ability
D:music requires physical ability
We should not sacrifice environmental protections to foster economic growth.
A:reduce
B:promote
C:realize
D:give
共用题干
The Need to Remember
Some people say they have no memory at all:"I just can't remember a thing!"But of course we all have a memory.Our memory tells us who we are.Our memory helps us to make use in the present of what we have learnt in the past.
In fact we have different types of memory.For example,our visual memory helps us recall facts and places.Some people have such a strong visual memory that they can remember exactly what they have seen,for example,pages of a book,as a complete picture.
Our verbal(言语的)memory helps us remember words and figures we may have heard but not seen or written:Items of a shopping list,a chemical formula,dates,or a recipe.
With our emotional(情感的)memory, we recall situations or places where we had; strong feelings,perhaps of happiness or unhappiness. We also have special memories for smell,taste, touch and sound,and for performing physical movements.
We have two ways of storing any of these memories. Our short-term memory stores items for up to thirty seconds-enough to remember a telephone number while we dial.Our long-term mem-ory,on the other hand,may store items for a lifetime. Older people in fact have a much biter long-term memory than short-term .They may forget what they have done only a few hours ago,but have the clearest remembrance(记忆)of when they were very young.
Psychologists tell us that we only remember a few facts about our past,and that we invent the rest. It is as though we remember only the outline of a story.We then make up the details. We of-ten do this in the way we want to remember them,usually so that we appear as the heroes of our own past , or maybe victims needing sympathy(同情).
Emotional memory is used when we perform physical movements.
A: Right
B: Wrong
C: Not mentioned
Professor Taylor's talk has indicated that science has a very strong influenceon the everyday life of non-scientists as well as scientists.
A: motivation
B: perspective
C: impression
D: impact
共用题干
Learning Disabilities
Learning disabilities are very common.They affect perhaps 1 0 percent of all children.Four times as many boys as girls have learning disabilities.
Since about 1970,new research has helped brain scientists understand these problems better.Scientists now know there are many different kinds of learning disabilities and that they are caused by many different things.There is no longer any question that all learning disabilities result from differences in the way the brain is organized.
You cannot look at a child and tell if he or she has a learning disability.There is no outward sign of the disorder.So some researchers began looking at the brain itself to learn what might be wrong.
In one study,researchers examined the brain of a learning-disabled person who had died in an accident. They found two unusual things.One involved cells in the left side of the brain,which control language.These cells normally are white.In the learning disabled person,however,these cells were gray.The researchers also found that many of the nerve cells were not in a line the way they should have been.The nerve cells were mixed together.
The study was carried out under the guidance of Norman Geschwind,an early expert on learning disabilities, Doctor Geschwind proposed that learning disabilities resulted mainly from problems in the left side of the brain. He believed this side of the brain failed to develop normally.Probably,he said,nerve cells there did not connect as they should.So the brain was like an electrical device in which the wires were crossed.
Other researchers did not examine brain tissue.Instead,they measured the brain's electrical activity and made a map of the electrical signals.
Frank Dully experimented with this technique at Children's Hospital Medical Center in Boston.Doctor Dully found large differences in the brain activity of normal children and those with reading problems.The differences appeared throughout the brain.Doctor Dully said his research is evidence that disabilities involve damage to a wide area of the brain,not just the left side.
Scientists found that the brain cells of a learning-disabled person differ from those of a normal person in______.
A:structure and function
B:color and function
C:size and arrangement
D:color and arrangement
The study also notes a steady decline in the number of college students taking science courses.
A: relative
B: continuous
C: general
D: sharp
共用题干
A Doctor in the House
Brushing your teeth twice a day should keep the dentist away. But if a group of scientific researchers have their wish,it will make the rest of your body healthy too.______(1)It is one of many gadgets(小装置)proposed by engineers and doctors at the Center for Future Health in New York一others include a pair of glasses that help to jog your memory,and a home camera designed to check for cancer.
The devices seem fanciful,but the basic principles are simple. The gadgets should make it easy for people to detect illness long before it strikes and so seek treatment far earlier than normal.______(2)In the long run,the technology may even prevent illness by encoura-ging us to lead healthier lives.
Intelligent bandages(绷带)are a good example. Powerful sensors within the bandage could quickly identify tiny amounts of bacteria in a wound and determine which antibiotics(抗生素)would work best.______(3)
Socks are long overdue for a makeover. In the future they will be able to automatically detect the amount of pressure in your foot and alert you when an ulcer(溃疡)is coming up.
All the projects should have far-reaching implications,but the biggest single develop-ment is a melanoma(黑瘤)monitor designed to give early warnings of cancer.______(4) If a problem is found,the system would advise you to get a check-up at your doctor's surgery.
If all this sounds troublesome,then help is at hand.______(5)A standard computer would be able to understand your voice and answer questions about your symptoms in plain English and in a way which would calm your nerves.
______(5)
A: The device could be used to take a picture of your body each week,then compare it with previous images.
B: That is going to be the difficult part.
C: The cut could then be treated instantly,so avoiding possible complications.
D: Instead of relying on hi-tech hospitals,the emphasis is shifted to the home and easy-to-use gadgets.
E: Experts are also working on a“digital doctor”,complete with a comforting bedside manner.
F: A toothbrush that checks blood sugar and bacteria while your brush is currently in de- velopment in USA.
Traffic reaches its rush hour between 8:00 and 9:00 in the morning.
A:border
B: goal
C: peak
D: level
共用题干
Garlic
From early times man has used garlic(大蒜).The Bible speaks of it. The Israelites
(古以色列人)were once far from home. They cried out to Moses, their leader, for the
foods they loved: leeks(韭菜),onions and garlic. The Romans , like the Israelites,
loved to eat garlic.And they hung bags of garlic around their necks.________(1)
They also thought it would keep them from getting sick.
A similar idea is still held.Many people take garlic thinking it will prevent or cure
disease .Most doctors say it does no such thing.________(2)Its smell may force
people to stay far apart.At least then they can't pass germs on to each other.
________(3)What if you're in a play,for instance?Actors have been known to
forget their lines because they couldn't stand the garlic smell on a fellow actor's breath.
Some have even made up new lines and actions that kept them far away from the one who
had eaten garlic.
Through the years man has tried to cope with the smell of garlic.________(4)
We now know why .It's been found that the oils of the garlic do not stick to the teeth,
tongue,or gums(齿眼).They go into the lungs instead.From there they are breathed
out.They pass out through the skin too.
Strange as it seems,food may have a great deal of garlic in it without smelling or
tasting strong .It all depends on how it is cooked.French cooks make a good soup with
whole cloves(瓣)of garlic.They use more than thirty cloves in one bowl of soup.But
they take care not to crush them .And they cook them whole._______(5)And as
the cloves cook they change in some strange way.The soup turns out to be delicious.It's
not strong at all.
________(3)
A:But no medicine,mouthwash,chewing gum,or toothpaste seems to help much,
B:As a result,the strong oils stay in the cloves.
C:They say it may help in one way,though.
D:Many people eat garlic.
E:But keeping your distance can be hard at times.
F:They hoped it would keep away the evil eye.
共用题干
More Than 8 Hours Sleep Too Much of a Good Thing
1 Although the dangers of too little sleep are widely known,new research suggests that people who sleep too much may also suffer the consequences.
2 Investigators at the University of California in San Diego found that people who clock up 9 or 10 hours each weeknight appear to have more trouble falling and staying asleep,as well as a number of other sleep problems,than people who sleep 8 hours a night. People who slept only 7 hours each night also said they had more trouble falling asleep and feeling re-freshed after a night's sleep than 8-hour sleepers.
3 These findings,which DL Daniel Kripke reported in the journal Psychosomatic Medicine,demonstrate that people who want to get a good night's rest may not need to set aside more than 8 hours a night.He added that“it might be a good idea” for people who sleep more than 8 hours each night to consider reducing the amount of time they spend in bed,but cau-tioned that more research is needed to confirm this.
4 Previous studies have shown the potential dangers of chronic shortages of sleep一for instance,one report demonstrated that people who habitually sleep less than 7 hours each night have a higher risk of dying within a fixed period than people who sleep more.
5 For the current report,Kripke reviewed the responses of 1,004 adults to sleep ques-tionaires,in which participants indicated how much they slept during the week and whether they experienced any sleep problems. Sleep problems included waking in the middle of the night,arising early in the morning and being unable to fall back to sleep,and having fatigue interfere with day-to-day functioning.
6 Kripke found that people who slept between 9 and 10 hours each night were more like-ly to report experiencing each sleep problem than people who slept 8 hours. In an interview, Kripke noted that long sleepers may struggle to get rest at night simply because they spend too much time in bed. As evidence,he added that one way to help insomnia is to spend less time in bed.“It stands to reason that if a person spends too long a time in bed,then they'll spend a higher percentage of time awake.”he said.
Paragraph 5______
A: Kripke's Research
B: Dangers of Habitual Shortages of Sleep
C: Criticism on Kripke's Report
D: A way of Overcoming Insomnia
E: Sleep Problems of Long and Short Sleepers
F: Classification of Sleep Problems
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