搜题
共用题干
Science Fiction
1 Amongst the most popular books being written today are those which are usually classified as science fiction.Hundreds of titles are published every year and are read by all kinds of people.Furthermore,some of the most successful films of recent years have been based on science fiction stories.
2 It is often thought that science fiction is a fairly new development in literature,but its ancestors can be found in books written hundreds of years ago.These books were often concerned with the presentation of some form of ideal society,a theme which is still often found in modern stories.
3 Most of the classics of science fiction,however,have been written within the last hundred years. Books by writers such as Jules Verne and H.G.Wells,to mention just two well-known authors,have been translated into many languages.
4 Modern science fiction writers don ' t write about men from Mars（火星）or space adventure stories. They are more interested in predicting the results of technical developments on society and the human mind; or in imagining future worlds which are a reflection of the world which we live in now.Because of this,their writing has obvious political undertones（含义）.
5 In an age where science fact frequently overtakes（超过）science fiction , the writers may find it difficult to keep ahead of scientific advances.Those who are sufficiently clear-sighted to see the way we are going,however,may provide a valuable lesson on how to deal with the problems which society will inevitably face as it tries to master its new technology.
Paragraph 2______
A:Popularity of Science Fiction
B:A Fairly New Development
C:Classics of Science Fiction
D:Difficulty in Keeping Ahead of Scientific Adventure
E:Its Origin
F:Themes of Modern Science Fiction
Science Fiction
1 Amongst the most popular books being written today are those which are usually classified as science fiction.Hundreds of titles are published every year and are read by all kinds of people.Furthermore,some of the most successful films of recent years have been based on science fiction stories.
2 It is often thought that science fiction is a fairly new development in literature,but its ancestors can be found in books written hundreds of years ago.These books were often concerned with the presentation of some form of ideal society,a theme which is still often found in modern stories.
3 Most of the classics of science fiction,however,have been written within the last hundred years. Books by writers such as Jules Verne and H.G.Wells,to mention just two well-known authors,have been translated into many languages.
4 Modern science fiction writers don ' t write about men from Mars（火星）or space adventure stories. They are more interested in predicting the results of technical developments on society and the human mind; or in imagining future worlds which are a reflection of the world which we live in now.Because of this,their writing has obvious political undertones（含义）.
5 In an age where science fact frequently overtakes（超过）science fiction , the writers may find it difficult to keep ahead of scientific advances.Those who are sufficiently clear-sighted to see the way we are going,however,may provide a valuable lesson on how to deal with the problems which society will inevitably face as it tries to master its new technology.
Paragraph 2______
A:Popularity of Science Fiction
B:A Fairly New Development
C:Classics of Science Fiction
D:Difficulty in Keeping Ahead of Scientific Adventure
E:Its Origin
F:Themes of Modern Science Fiction
She came across three children sleeping under a bridge.
A: passed by
B: took a notice of
C: woke up
D: found by chance
A: passed by
B: took a notice of
C: woke up
D: found by chance
Our new house is on the first floor.
A:bottom
B: third
C:ground
D: top
A:bottom
B: third
C:ground
D: top
For some obscure reason,the simple game is becoming very popular.
A: obvious
B: major
C: unclear
D: minor
A: obvious
B: major
C: unclear
D: minor
He notified his friends that his address had changed.
A: informed
B: observed
C: mocked
D: misled
A: informed
B: observed
C: mocked
D: misled
Danny cannot resist the lure of drugs.
A:consumption
B:abuse
C:flavor
D:temptation
A:consumption
B:abuse
C:flavor
D:temptation
共用题干
First Self-contained Heart Implanted
A patient on the brink of death has received the world's first self-contained artificial heart-a battery-powered device about the size of a softball that runs without the need for wires,tubes or hoses sticking out of the chest.
Two surgeons from the University of Louisville implanted the titanium and plastic pump dur-ing a seven-hour operation at Jewish Hospital Monday.The hospital said the patient was"awake and responsive"Tuesday and resting comfortably.It refused to release personal details.
The patient had been expected to die within a month without the operation,and doctors said they expected the artificial heart to extend the person's life by only a month.But the device is con-sidered a major step toward improving the patient's quality of life.
The new pump,called AbioCor,is also a technological leap from the mechanical hearts used in the 1980s,which were attached by wires and tubes to bulky machinery outside the body.The most famous of those,the Jarvic-7,used air as a pumping device and was attached to an appara-tus about the size of a washing machine.
"I think it's potentially a major step forward in the artificial heart development,"said Dr. David Faxon,president of the American Heart Association.However,he said the dream of an im-plantable,permanent artificial heart is not yet a reality,"This is obviously an experimental device whose long-term success has to be demonstrated."Only about half of the 4,200 Americans on a waiting list for donor hearts received them last year,and most of the rest died.
Some doctors,including Robert Higgins,chairman of cardiology at the Medical College of Virginia in Richmond,said artificial hearts are unlikely to replace donor hearts.
"A donor heart in a good transplant can last 15 to 30 years,"he said."It's going to be hard to replace that with a machine."
The AbilCor has a 2-pound pumping unit,and electronic controls that adjust the pumping speed based on the body's needs. It is powered by a small battery pack worn outside the body that transmits current through the skin.
Some doctors doubt the possibility of donor hearts being replaced by artificial ones.
A: Right
B: Wrong
C: Not mentioned
First Self-contained Heart Implanted
A patient on the brink of death has received the world's first self-contained artificial heart-a battery-powered device about the size of a softball that runs without the need for wires,tubes or hoses sticking out of the chest.
Two surgeons from the University of Louisville implanted the titanium and plastic pump dur-ing a seven-hour operation at Jewish Hospital Monday.The hospital said the patient was"awake and responsive"Tuesday and resting comfortably.It refused to release personal details.
The patient had been expected to die within a month without the operation,and doctors said they expected the artificial heart to extend the person's life by only a month.But the device is con-sidered a major step toward improving the patient's quality of life.
The new pump,called AbioCor,is also a technological leap from the mechanical hearts used in the 1980s,which were attached by wires and tubes to bulky machinery outside the body.The most famous of those,the Jarvic-7,used air as a pumping device and was attached to an appara-tus about the size of a washing machine.
"I think it's potentially a major step forward in the artificial heart development,"said Dr. David Faxon,president of the American Heart Association.However,he said the dream of an im-plantable,permanent artificial heart is not yet a reality,"This is obviously an experimental device whose long-term success has to be demonstrated."Only about half of the 4,200 Americans on a waiting list for donor hearts received them last year,and most of the rest died.
Some doctors,including Robert Higgins,chairman of cardiology at the Medical College of Virginia in Richmond,said artificial hearts are unlikely to replace donor hearts.
"A donor heart in a good transplant can last 15 to 30 years,"he said."It's going to be hard to replace that with a machine."
The AbilCor has a 2-pound pumping unit,and electronic controls that adjust the pumping speed based on the body's needs. It is powered by a small battery pack worn outside the body that transmits current through the skin.
Some doctors doubt the possibility of donor hearts being replaced by artificial ones.
A: Right
B: Wrong
C: Not mentioned
共用题干
第一篇
Renewable Energy Sources
Today petroleum（石油）provides around 40% of the world's energy needs, mostly
fuelling automobiles.Coal is still used,mostly in power stations,to cover one-quarter of our
energy needs,but it is the least efficient,unhealthiest and most environmentally damaging
fossil fuel（矿物燃料）.Natural gas reserves could fill some of the gap from oil,but reserves
of that will not last into the 22nd century either. Most experts predict we will exhaust easily
accessible reserves within 50 years.Less-polluting renewable energy sources offer a more
practical long-term energy solution."Renewable"refers to the fact that these resources are
not used faster than they can be replaced.
Hydroelectric（水力发电的）power is now the most common form of renewable energy,
suDDIvina around 20%of world electricity.China's Three Gorges Dam is the largest ever.
Atfive times the size of the US's Hoover Dam, its 26 turbines（涡轮机）will generate the
equivalent energy of 18 coal-fired power stations.It will satisfy 3% of China's entire
electricity demand.
In 2003. the first commercial power station to use tidal（潮汐的）currents in the open
sea opened in Norway. It is designed like windmill（风车）,but others take the torm of
turbines.
As prices fall,wind power has become the fastest growing type of electricity
generation一quadrupling（翻两番）worldwide between 1999 and 2005. Modern wind farms
consist of turbines that generate electricity.Though it will be more expensive,there is more
than enoucih wind to provide the world's entire energy needs.Wind farms come in onshore
and offshore forms.They can often end up at spots of natural beauty,and are often
unpopular with residents.And turbines are not totally harmless一they can interfere with radar,
alter climate and kill sea birds.Scotland is building Europe's largest wind tarm,wnicn will
power 200.000 homes.The UK's goal is to generate one-fifth of power from renewable
sources,mainly wind,by 2020.But this may cause problems,because wind is unreiiable.
China's Three Gorges Dam
A:is the first hydroelectric dam in the world.
B:is of the same size as the US's Hoover Dam.
C:can generate around 3%of world electricity.
D:is the lamest hydroelectric dam in the world.
第一篇
Renewable Energy Sources
Today petroleum（石油）provides around 40% of the world's energy needs, mostly
fuelling automobiles.Coal is still used,mostly in power stations,to cover one-quarter of our
energy needs,but it is the least efficient,unhealthiest and most environmentally damaging
fossil fuel（矿物燃料）.Natural gas reserves could fill some of the gap from oil,but reserves
of that will not last into the 22nd century either. Most experts predict we will exhaust easily
accessible reserves within 50 years.Less-polluting renewable energy sources offer a more
practical long-term energy solution."Renewable"refers to the fact that these resources are
not used faster than they can be replaced.
Hydroelectric（水力发电的）power is now the most common form of renewable energy,
suDDIvina around 20%of world electricity.China's Three Gorges Dam is the largest ever.
Atfive times the size of the US's Hoover Dam, its 26 turbines（涡轮机）will generate the
equivalent energy of 18 coal-fired power stations.It will satisfy 3% of China's entire
electricity demand.
In 2003. the first commercial power station to use tidal（潮汐的）currents in the open
sea opened in Norway. It is designed like windmill（风车）,but others take the torm of
turbines.
As prices fall,wind power has become the fastest growing type of electricity
generation一quadrupling（翻两番）worldwide between 1999 and 2005. Modern wind farms
consist of turbines that generate electricity.Though it will be more expensive,there is more
than enoucih wind to provide the world's entire energy needs.Wind farms come in onshore
and offshore forms.They can often end up at spots of natural beauty,and are often
unpopular with residents.And turbines are not totally harmless一they can interfere with radar,
alter climate and kill sea birds.Scotland is building Europe's largest wind tarm,wnicn will
power 200.000 homes.The UK's goal is to generate one-fifth of power from renewable
sources,mainly wind,by 2020.But this may cause problems,because wind is unreiiable.
China's Three Gorges Dam
A:is the first hydroelectric dam in the world.
B:is of the same size as the US's Hoover Dam.
C:can generate around 3%of world electricity.
D:is the lamest hydroelectric dam in the world.
共用题干
Life Expectancy in the Last Hundred Years
A hundred years ago,life expectancy in developed countries was about 47:in the early 21st century,men in the United States and the United Kingdom can expect to live to about 74. Women to about 80, and these___1___ are rising all the time. What has brought___2___ these changes?When we look at the life___3___of people 100 years ago,we need to look at the greatest___4___of the time. In the early 20th century,these were the acute and often ___5___ infectious diseases such as smallpox. Many children died very young from these diseases and others,and the weak and elderly were always at risk. In the ___6 ___world these diseases are far___ 7 ___today,and in some cases have almost disappeared. A number of ___8 ___have led to this:improvements in sanitation and hygiene,the discovery and use of antibiotics,which ___9___ bacterial diseases much less dangerous,and vaccinations___10___ common diseases. ___11___ ,people's general health has improved with improvements in our general environ-ment:cleaner air,better means of preserving food,better and warmer housing,and better understanding of nutrition. Genetically,we should all be able to live to about 85 but ___12___ people do live longer today,there are still some big killers around that are preventing US from consistently reaching that age. The problems that affect people today are the more chro-nic illnesses,such as heart disease and strokes,and those ___13___ by viruses,such as influen- za and AIDS. Of course,cancer is a huge killer as well. In most cases these diseases affect ___14___ people,but there are worrying trends in the developed world with problems such as obesity ___15___ more heart disease and illnesses such as diabetes at younger ages.
The killers today can be classed as“lifestyle diseases”,which means that it may be possi- ble to halt their progress.
14._________
A: poor
B: weak
C: older
D: young
Life Expectancy in the Last Hundred Years
A hundred years ago,life expectancy in developed countries was about 47:in the early 21st century,men in the United States and the United Kingdom can expect to live to about 74. Women to about 80, and these___1___ are rising all the time. What has brought___2___ these changes?When we look at the life___3___of people 100 years ago,we need to look at the greatest___4___of the time. In the early 20th century,these were the acute and often ___5___ infectious diseases such as smallpox. Many children died very young from these diseases and others,and the weak and elderly were always at risk. In the ___6 ___world these diseases are far___ 7 ___today,and in some cases have almost disappeared. A number of ___8 ___have led to this:improvements in sanitation and hygiene,the discovery and use of antibiotics,which ___9___ bacterial diseases much less dangerous,and vaccinations___10___ common diseases. ___11___ ,people's general health has improved with improvements in our general environ-ment:cleaner air,better means of preserving food,better and warmer housing,and better understanding of nutrition. Genetically,we should all be able to live to about 85 but ___12___ people do live longer today,there are still some big killers around that are preventing US from consistently reaching that age. The problems that affect people today are the more chro-nic illnesses,such as heart disease and strokes,and those ___13___ by viruses,such as influen- za and AIDS. Of course,cancer is a huge killer as well. In most cases these diseases affect ___14___ people,but there are worrying trends in the developed world with problems such as obesity ___15___ more heart disease and illnesses such as diabetes at younger ages.
The killers today can be classed as“lifestyle diseases”,which means that it may be possi- ble to halt their progress.
14._________
A: poor
B: weak
C: older
D: young
共用题干
Ludwig Van Beethoven
Ludwig Van Beethoven,a major composer of the nineteenth century,overcame many personal problems to achieve artistic greatness.
Born in Bonn,Germany,in 1770,he first studied music with the court organist,Gilles van der Eeden.His father was excessively strict and given to heavy drinking.______(46)Appoint-ed deputy court organist to Christian Gottlob Neefe at a surprisingly early age in 1782,Beethoven also played the harpsichord and the viola.In 1792 he was sent to Vienna by his patron,Count Ferdinand Waldstein,to study music under Haydn.
Beethoven remained unmarried.______(47)Continually plagued by ill health,he devel- oped an ear infection which led to his tragic deafness in 1819.
______(48)He completed mature masterpieces of great musical depth:three piano sona- tas,four string quartets,the Missa Solemnis,and the 9th Symphony.He died in 1827.______(49)
Noting that Beethoven often flew into fits of rage,Goethe once said of him,"I am astonished by his talent,but he is unfortunately an altogether untamed personality."______(50)
______(47)
A: Today his music is still being played all over the world.
B: Although Beethoven's personality may have been untamed,his music shows great disci-pline and control,and this is how we remember him best.
C: When his mother died,Beethoven,then a young man,was named guardian of his two younger brothers.
D: His life was marked by a passionate dedication to independence.
E: Because of irregular payments from his publishers and erratic support from his patrons,he was troubled by financial worries throughout his adult life.
F: In spited of this handicap,however,he continued to write music.
Ludwig Van Beethoven
Ludwig Van Beethoven,a major composer of the nineteenth century,overcame many personal problems to achieve artistic greatness.
Born in Bonn,Germany,in 1770,he first studied music with the court organist,Gilles van der Eeden.His father was excessively strict and given to heavy drinking.______(46)Appoint-ed deputy court organist to Christian Gottlob Neefe at a surprisingly early age in 1782,Beethoven also played the harpsichord and the viola.In 1792 he was sent to Vienna by his patron,Count Ferdinand Waldstein,to study music under Haydn.
Beethoven remained unmarried.______(47)Continually plagued by ill health,he devel- oped an ear infection which led to his tragic deafness in 1819.
______(48)He completed mature masterpieces of great musical depth:three piano sona- tas,four string quartets,the Missa Solemnis,and the 9th Symphony.He died in 1827.______(49)
Noting that Beethoven often flew into fits of rage,Goethe once said of him,"I am astonished by his talent,but he is unfortunately an altogether untamed personality."______(50)
______(47)
A: Today his music is still being played all over the world.
B: Although Beethoven's personality may have been untamed,his music shows great disci-pline and control,and this is how we remember him best.
C: When his mother died,Beethoven,then a young man,was named guardian of his two younger brothers.
D: His life was marked by a passionate dedication to independence.
E: Because of irregular payments from his publishers and erratic support from his patrons,he was troubled by financial worries throughout his adult life.
F: In spited of this handicap,however,he continued to write music.
共用题干
Scotland:A Land of Wisdom
In the 1740s,the famous French philosopher Voltaire said"We look to Scotland for all our ideas of civilization."That's not a bad advertisement for any country when it comes to attracting people to search for a first-class education.
According to the American author Arthur Herman,the Scots invented the modem world it-self. He argues that Scottish thinkers and intellectuals worked out many of the most important ideas on which modern life depends-everything from the scientific method to market economics.Their ideas did not just spread among intellectuals,but to those people in business,government and the sciences who actually shaped the Western world.
It all started during the period that historians call the Scottish Enlightenment（启蒙运动）, which is usually seen as taking place between the years 1740 and 1800.Before that,philosophy was mainly concerned with religion.For the thinkers of the Scottish Enlightenment,the proper study of humanity was mankind itself.
Their reasoning was practical.For the philosopher David Hume,humanity was the right sub-ject for philosophy because we can examine human behavior and so find real evidence of how peo-ple think and feel. And from that we can make judgments about the societies we live in and make concrete suggestions about how they can be improved,for universal benefit.
Hume's enquiry into the nature of knowledge laid the foundations for the scientific method- the pursuit of truth through experiment. His friend and fellow resident of Edinburgh,Adam Smith, famously applied the study of mankind to the ways in which mankind does business. Trade,he ar-gued,was a form of information .In pursuing our own interests through trading in markets,we all come to benefit each other.
Smith's idea has dominated modern views of economics.It also has wide applications.He was one of the philosophers to point out that nations can become rich,free and powerful through
peace,trade and invention.
Although the Scottish Enlightenment ended a long time ago,the ideas which evolved at that time still underpin（构成……的基础）our theories of human exchange and enquiry. It also exists in Scotland itself in an educational tradition that combines academic excellence with orientation （方向）.
Philosophers had come to know the importance of studying humanity even before the Scottish Enlightenment took place.
A:Right
B: Wrong
C: Not mentioned
Scotland:A Land of Wisdom
In the 1740s,the famous French philosopher Voltaire said"We look to Scotland for all our ideas of civilization."That's not a bad advertisement for any country when it comes to attracting people to search for a first-class education.
According to the American author Arthur Herman,the Scots invented the modem world it-self. He argues that Scottish thinkers and intellectuals worked out many of the most important ideas on which modern life depends-everything from the scientific method to market economics.Their ideas did not just spread among intellectuals,but to those people in business,government and the sciences who actually shaped the Western world.
It all started during the period that historians call the Scottish Enlightenment（启蒙运动）, which is usually seen as taking place between the years 1740 and 1800.Before that,philosophy was mainly concerned with religion.For the thinkers of the Scottish Enlightenment,the proper study of humanity was mankind itself.
Their reasoning was practical.For the philosopher David Hume,humanity was the right sub-ject for philosophy because we can examine human behavior and so find real evidence of how peo-ple think and feel. And from that we can make judgments about the societies we live in and make concrete suggestions about how they can be improved,for universal benefit.
Hume's enquiry into the nature of knowledge laid the foundations for the scientific method- the pursuit of truth through experiment. His friend and fellow resident of Edinburgh,Adam Smith, famously applied the study of mankind to the ways in which mankind does business. Trade,he ar-gued,was a form of information .In pursuing our own interests through trading in markets,we all come to benefit each other.
Smith's idea has dominated modern views of economics.It also has wide applications.He was one of the philosophers to point out that nations can become rich,free and powerful through
peace,trade and invention.
Although the Scottish Enlightenment ended a long time ago,the ideas which evolved at that time still underpin（构成……的基础）our theories of human exchange and enquiry. It also exists in Scotland itself in an educational tradition that combines academic excellence with orientation （方向）.
Philosophers had come to know the importance of studying humanity even before the Scottish Enlightenment took place.
A:Right
B: Wrong
C: Not mentioned
共用题干
Men too may Suffer from Domestic Violence
Nearlythree in 10 men have experienced violence at the hands of an intimate partner their lifetimes,according to one of the few studies to look___1___ domestic violence and health among men.
“Many men actually do experience domestic violence,although we don't hear about it ___2___，”Dr. Robert J. Reid of the University of Washington in Seattle,one of the authors, told Reuters Health. “They often don't tell___3___we don't ask. We want to message out to men who___4___experience domestic violence that they are not alone and there are resources available to___5___”
The researchers asked study participants about physical abuse and non-physical ___6___ such as threats that made them___7___for their safety,controlling behavior(for example,be- ing told who they could associate with and where they could go),and constant name-calling.
Among men 18 to 54 years old,14.2 percent said they had experienced intimate partner ___8___in the past five years,while 6.1 percent reported domestic violence in the previous year.
Rates were lower for men 55 and___9___，with 5.3 percent reporting violence in the past five years and 2.4 percent having experienced it in the past 12 months.
Overall,30.5 percent of men younger than 55 and 26.5 percent of older men said they had been victims of___10___violence at some point in their lives. About half of the violence men___1 1___was physical.
However,the physical violence men reported wasn't as harsh as___12___stuff,women in a previous study；20 percent to 40 percent of the men rated it as severe,compare to 61 percent of___13___
Men who reported experiencing domestic violence had more emotional and mental problemswe___14___hose who had not,especially older men,the___15___found.
13._________
A: women
B: people
C: adults
D: children
Men too may Suffer from Domestic Violence
Nearlythree in 10 men have experienced violence at the hands of an intimate partner their lifetimes,according to one of the few studies to look___1___ domestic violence and health among men.
“Many men actually do experience domestic violence,although we don't hear about it ___2___，”Dr. Robert J. Reid of the University of Washington in Seattle,one of the authors, told Reuters Health. “They often don't tell___3___we don't ask. We want to message out to men who___4___experience domestic violence that they are not alone and there are resources available to___5___”
The researchers asked study participants about physical abuse and non-physical ___6___ such as threats that made them___7___for their safety,controlling behavior(for example,be- ing told who they could associate with and where they could go),and constant name-calling.
Among men 18 to 54 years old,14.2 percent said they had experienced intimate partner ___8___in the past five years,while 6.1 percent reported domestic violence in the previous year.
Rates were lower for men 55 and___9___，with 5.3 percent reporting violence in the past five years and 2.4 percent having experienced it in the past 12 months.
Overall,30.5 percent of men younger than 55 and 26.5 percent of older men said they had been victims of___10___violence at some point in their lives. About half of the violence men___1 1___was physical.
However,the physical violence men reported wasn't as harsh as___12___stuff,women in a previous study；20 percent to 40 percent of the men rated it as severe,compare to 61 percent of___13___
Men who reported experiencing domestic violence had more emotional and mental problemswe___14___hose who had not,especially older men,the___15___found.
13._________
A: women
B: people
C: adults
D: children
共用题干
Earth's Inner Core
Scientists have long struggled to understand what lies at the planet's center.Direct
observation of its center is impossible,so researchers must_________(1)to other evidence.
In 1889,a German scientist detected a severe earthquake in Japan.Geophysicists
concluded that shock waves_________(2) jolts（晃动）from one side of Earth through
the center to the other side.Then in 1936,Danish geophysicist lnge Lehmann studied the
waves' __________ (3) to determine that within Earth's core of molten（熔化了的）iron
lies a solid inner core一but_________(4) that core was made of eluded（难倒）her.
Other geophysicists quickly determined that Lehmann's inner core was composed mostly
_________(5) iron.Since then,Lehmann's discovery has _________(6)
conventional Earth science.
But now scientists are challenging traditional theory with new and radical_________
(7).For example,Earth's center could actually contain an"inner core within the inner
core."claim lshii and colleague Adam Dziewonski.
Analyzing hundreds of thousands of earthquake wave _________(8),they
maintain that the inner core has at its heart a tiny, even more solid sphere（球体）.This
sphere"may be the oldest fossil_________(9)from the formation of Earth,"says Dziewonski.
Dziewonski and Ishii speculate that shortly _________(10)Earth formed around
4.8 billion years ago,a giant asteroid（小行星）smashed into the young planet and nearly
melted it.But Earth's center didn't quite melt;it_________(11)mass as the planet
cooled. The core within a core may be the kernel（核心）that endured. " Its presence
could change our basic ideas about the_________(12)of the planet,"Dziewonski
says.
Dziewonski's idea is tame（温和的）compared to the_________( 13 ) theories of
independent geophysicist J. Marvin Herndon.Earth's inner core is made not of iron,he
claims,but a_________(14)of nickel and silicon.Herndon has a truly revolutionary
notion : Within the nickel silicide（硅化物）inner core is also an "inner" inner core一an
8km-wide ball of the element uranium.Uranium is radioactive.Herndon thinks the uranium
releases heat energy as its atoms_________(15)fission-split and crash into one
another in a chain reaction.In other words,we may live on top of a gigantic, "natural"
nuclear power plant.
_________(3)
A:work
B:solution
C:job
D:patterns
Earth's Inner Core
Scientists have long struggled to understand what lies at the planet's center.Direct
observation of its center is impossible,so researchers must_________(1)to other evidence.
In 1889,a German scientist detected a severe earthquake in Japan.Geophysicists
concluded that shock waves_________(2) jolts（晃动）from one side of Earth through
the center to the other side.Then in 1936,Danish geophysicist lnge Lehmann studied the
waves' __________ (3) to determine that within Earth's core of molten（熔化了的）iron
lies a solid inner core一but_________(4) that core was made of eluded（难倒）her.
Other geophysicists quickly determined that Lehmann's inner core was composed mostly
_________(5) iron.Since then,Lehmann's discovery has _________(6)
conventional Earth science.
But now scientists are challenging traditional theory with new and radical_________
(7).For example,Earth's center could actually contain an"inner core within the inner
core."claim lshii and colleague Adam Dziewonski.
Analyzing hundreds of thousands of earthquake wave _________(8),they
maintain that the inner core has at its heart a tiny, even more solid sphere（球体）.This
sphere"may be the oldest fossil_________(9)from the formation of Earth,"says Dziewonski.
Dziewonski and Ishii speculate that shortly _________(10)Earth formed around
4.8 billion years ago,a giant asteroid（小行星）smashed into the young planet and nearly
melted it.But Earth's center didn't quite melt;it_________(11)mass as the planet
cooled. The core within a core may be the kernel（核心）that endured. " Its presence
could change our basic ideas about the_________(12)of the planet,"Dziewonski
says.
Dziewonski's idea is tame（温和的）compared to the_________( 13 ) theories of
independent geophysicist J. Marvin Herndon.Earth's inner core is made not of iron,he
claims,but a_________(14)of nickel and silicon.Herndon has a truly revolutionary
notion : Within the nickel silicide（硅化物）inner core is also an "inner" inner core一an
8km-wide ball of the element uranium.Uranium is radioactive.Herndon thinks the uranium
releases heat energy as its atoms_________(15)fission-split and crash into one
another in a chain reaction.In other words,we may live on top of a gigantic, "natural"
nuclear power plant.
_________(3)
A:work
B:solution
C:job
D:patterns
共用题干
A Special Journey
I am often asked to describe the experience of_______(51)a child with a disability一to try to help people who have not shared that unique experience to understand it,to imagine how it would feel.It's like this…
_______(52)you're going to have a baby,it's like planning a fabulous vacation trip to Italy. You buy a bunch of guide books and make your wonderful_______(53).The Coliseum,the Michelangelo,David,the gondolas in Venice.You may learn some handy phrases in Italian. It's all very exciting.
After months of eager anticipation,the day finally_______(54).You pack your bags and _______(55)you go.Several hours later,the plane lands.The_______(56)comes in and says,"Welcome to Holland."
"Holland?"you say."What do you mean by Holland?I signed up for Italy!I'm supposed to be in Italy. All my life I've dreamed_______(57)going to Italy."
But there's been a change in the flight plan.They've landed in Holland and there you must stay.
The important thing is that they haven't taken you to a horrible,disgusting,filthy place,full of pestilence,_______(58)and disease.It's just a_______(59)place.
_______(60)you must go out and buy new guide books.And you must learn a whole new language.And you will meet a whole new group of people you would never have met.
It's just a different place.It's slower-paced than Italy,less flashy than Italy. But after you've been there for a while and you catch your breath,you look around…and you begin to_______ (61)that Holland has windmills…and Holland has tulips.Holland even has Rembrandts.
But everyone you know is busy coming and going_______(62)Italy…and they're all bragging about_______(63)a wonderful time they had there. And for the rest of your life,you will say"Yes,that's where I was_______(64)to go.That's what I had planned."
But if you spend your life_______(65)the fact that you didn't get to Italy,you may never be free to enjoy the very special,the very lovely things about Holland.
_________(59)
A:new
B:wrong
C:familiar
D:different
A Special Journey
I am often asked to describe the experience of_______(51)a child with a disability一to try to help people who have not shared that unique experience to understand it,to imagine how it would feel.It's like this…
_______(52)you're going to have a baby,it's like planning a fabulous vacation trip to Italy. You buy a bunch of guide books and make your wonderful_______(53).The Coliseum,the Michelangelo,David,the gondolas in Venice.You may learn some handy phrases in Italian. It's all very exciting.
After months of eager anticipation,the day finally_______(54).You pack your bags and _______(55)you go.Several hours later,the plane lands.The_______(56)comes in and says,"Welcome to Holland."
"Holland?"you say."What do you mean by Holland?I signed up for Italy!I'm supposed to be in Italy. All my life I've dreamed_______(57)going to Italy."
But there's been a change in the flight plan.They've landed in Holland and there you must stay.
The important thing is that they haven't taken you to a horrible,disgusting,filthy place,full of pestilence,_______(58)and disease.It's just a_______(59)place.
_______(60)you must go out and buy new guide books.And you must learn a whole new language.And you will meet a whole new group of people you would never have met.
It's just a different place.It's slower-paced than Italy,less flashy than Italy. But after you've been there for a while and you catch your breath,you look around…and you begin to_______ (61)that Holland has windmills…and Holland has tulips.Holland even has Rembrandts.
But everyone you know is busy coming and going_______(62)Italy…and they're all bragging about_______(63)a wonderful time they had there. And for the rest of your life,you will say"Yes,that's where I was_______(64)to go.That's what I had planned."
But if you spend your life_______(65)the fact that you didn't get to Italy,you may never be free to enjoy the very special,the very lovely things about Holland.
_________(59)
A:new
B:wrong
C:familiar
D:different
共用题干
Solar Power Without Solar Cells
A dramatic and surprising magnetic effect of light discovered by University of Michigan researchers
could lead to solar power without traditional semiconductor-based solar cells.
The researchers found a way to make an"optical________(51)",said Stephen Rand,a professor in
the departments of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science,Physics and Applied Physics.
Light has electric and magnetic_______(52).Until now,scientists thought the effects of the mag-
netic field were so weak that they could be________(53).What Rand and his colleagues found is that at
the right intensity,when light is traveling through a material that does not_________(54)electricity,the
light field can generate magnetic effects that are 100 million times stronger than previously expected.Under
these circumstances,the magnetic effects develop strength_________(55)to a strong electric effect.
"This could lead to a new kind of solar cell without semiconductors and without absorption to produce
charge separation,"Rand said."In solar cells,the_________(56)goes into a matenal,gets absorbed and
creates heat.Here,we expect to have a very low heat load.Instead of the light being absorbed,energy is
stored in the magnetic moment.Intense magnetization can be induced by intense light and then it is ultimately
capable of providing a capacitive power________(57)."What makes this possible is a previously unde-
tected brand of"optical rectification",says William Fisher,a doctoral student in applied physics.In tradi-
tional optical rectification,light's electric field causes a charge separation,or a pulling_________(58)of
the positive and negative charges in a material.This sets up a voltage,similar to______(59)in a
battery.
Rand and Fisher found that under the right circumstances and in right types of materials,the light's
magnetic field can also create optical rectification.The light must be shone through a________(60)that
does not conduct electricity,such as glass.And it must be focused to an intensity of 10 million watts per
square centimeter. Sunlight isn't this_______(61)on its own,but new materials are being sought that
would work at lower intensities,Fisher said.
"In our most recent paper,we show that incoherent light like sunlight is theoretically almost
_________(62)effective in producing charge separation as laser light is,"Fisher said.
This new_________(63)could make solar power cheaper,the researchers say.They predict that with
improved materials they could achieve 10 percent efficiency in converting solar power to usable energy.That's
equivalent to today's commercial-grade solar cells.
"To manufacture modern solar cells,you have to do. _______(64)semiconductor processing,"
Fisher said."All we would need are lenses to focus the light and a fiber to guide it.Glassworks for
_________ (65).It's already made in bulk,and it doesn't require as much processing.Transparent
ceramics might be even better."
_________(62)
A:more
B:as
C:much
D:such
Solar Power Without Solar Cells
A dramatic and surprising magnetic effect of light discovered by University of Michigan researchers
could lead to solar power without traditional semiconductor-based solar cells.
The researchers found a way to make an"optical________(51)",said Stephen Rand,a professor in
the departments of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science,Physics and Applied Physics.
Light has electric and magnetic_______(52).Until now,scientists thought the effects of the mag-
netic field were so weak that they could be________(53).What Rand and his colleagues found is that at
the right intensity,when light is traveling through a material that does not_________(54)electricity,the
light field can generate magnetic effects that are 100 million times stronger than previously expected.Under
these circumstances,the magnetic effects develop strength_________(55)to a strong electric effect.
"This could lead to a new kind of solar cell without semiconductors and without absorption to produce
charge separation,"Rand said."In solar cells,the_________(56)goes into a matenal,gets absorbed and
creates heat.Here,we expect to have a very low heat load.Instead of the light being absorbed,energy is
stored in the magnetic moment.Intense magnetization can be induced by intense light and then it is ultimately
capable of providing a capacitive power________(57)."What makes this possible is a previously unde-
tected brand of"optical rectification",says William Fisher,a doctoral student in applied physics.In tradi-
tional optical rectification,light's electric field causes a charge separation,or a pulling_________(58)of
the positive and negative charges in a material.This sets up a voltage,similar to______(59)in a
battery.
Rand and Fisher found that under the right circumstances and in right types of materials,the light's
magnetic field can also create optical rectification.The light must be shone through a________(60)that
does not conduct electricity,such as glass.And it must be focused to an intensity of 10 million watts per
square centimeter. Sunlight isn't this_______(61)on its own,but new materials are being sought that
would work at lower intensities,Fisher said.
"In our most recent paper,we show that incoherent light like sunlight is theoretically almost
_________(62)effective in producing charge separation as laser light is,"Fisher said.
This new_________(63)could make solar power cheaper,the researchers say.They predict that with
improved materials they could achieve 10 percent efficiency in converting solar power to usable energy.That's
equivalent to today's commercial-grade solar cells.
"To manufacture modern solar cells,you have to do. _______(64)semiconductor processing,"
Fisher said."All we would need are lenses to focus the light and a fiber to guide it.Glassworks for
_________ (65).It's already made in bulk,and it doesn't require as much processing.Transparent
ceramics might be even better."
_________(62)
A:more
B:as
C:much
D:such