搜题
共用题干
Preferences Vary on Circumstances of Dying
Among terminally（晚期）ill people, attitudes differ on what they think constitutes a
_______(1)or bad death,the results of a new study suggest.
Dr. Elizabeth K. Vig of the University of Washington in Seattle and colleagues interviewed
26 men with_________(2)heart disease or cancer.The men were asked to describe
good and bad deaths,and they also answered________(3)about their preferences
for dying.
"In this small study,terminally ill men described good and bad deaths_____(4),"
Vig said."They did not hold the same views about such issues________(5)the
presence of others at the very end of life or preferred location of death."
Many of the men considered_______(6)in their sleep to be a good death.The
reasons were varied and included not_________(7) that death was imminent（即将发生
的）,and that death would be painless.
For close to half of the men , a prolonged（拖延的）death was __________ (8) a bad
death.Some of the men associated a prolonged death with prolonged pain,_________
(9)others thought a prolonged death would be difficult for their families.
Most men said that their______(10)were very important to them,but this did
not mean that they wanted relatives close at the________(11)of death."Valuing family did
not also_________(12)wanting family present at the very end of life,"Vig said.
"In fact,some expressed concerns___________(13)burdening loved ones,"Vig said.
For instance,some men were worried about the emotional or________(14)
impact on their family members,according to the Washington researcher. Some were
worried________(15)their need for care would be a burden on their families,she said.
_________(10)
A: families
B:friends
C: colleagues
D:wishes
Preferences Vary on Circumstances of Dying
Among terminally（晚期）ill people, attitudes differ on what they think constitutes a
_______(1)or bad death,the results of a new study suggest.
Dr. Elizabeth K. Vig of the University of Washington in Seattle and colleagues interviewed
26 men with_________(2)heart disease or cancer.The men were asked to describe
good and bad deaths,and they also answered________(3)about their preferences
for dying.
"In this small study,terminally ill men described good and bad deaths_____(4),"
Vig said."They did not hold the same views about such issues________(5)the
presence of others at the very end of life or preferred location of death."
Many of the men considered_______(6)in their sleep to be a good death.The
reasons were varied and included not_________(7) that death was imminent（即将发生
的）,and that death would be painless.
For close to half of the men , a prolonged（拖延的）death was __________ (8) a bad
death.Some of the men associated a prolonged death with prolonged pain,_________
(9)others thought a prolonged death would be difficult for their families.
Most men said that their______(10)were very important to them,but this did
not mean that they wanted relatives close at the________(11)of death."Valuing family did
not also_________(12)wanting family present at the very end of life,"Vig said.
"In fact,some expressed concerns___________(13)burdening loved ones,"Vig said.
For instance,some men were worried about the emotional or________(14)
impact on their family members,according to the Washington researcher. Some were
worried________(15)their need for care would be a burden on their families,she said.
_________(10)
A: families
B:friends
C: colleagues
D:wishes
共用题干
第三篇
Longer Lives for Wild Elephants
Most people think of zoos as safe places for animals,where struggles such as having difficulty finding
food and avoiding predators（猛兽）don't exist. Without such problems,animals in zoos should live to a ripe
（成熟的）old age.
But that may not be true for the largest land animals on Earth.Scientists have known that elephants in
zoos often suffer from poor health.Sometimes,they even become unable to have babies.
To learn more about how captivity（圈养）affects elephants, a team of international scientists compared
the life spans of female elephants born in zoos with female elephants living outdoors in their native lands.
Zoos keep detailed records of all the animals in their care,documenting factors such as birth dates,illnes-
ses,weight and death.These records made it possible for the researchers to analyze 40 years of data on 800
African and Asian elephants in zoos across Europe.The scientists compared the life spans of the zoo-born fe-
male elephants with the life spans of thousands of wild female elephants in Africa and Asian elephants that
work in logging camps（伐木场）, over approximately the same time period.
The team found that female African elephants born in zoos lived an average of 16.9 years. Their wild
counterparts who died of natural causes lived an average of 56 years一more than three times as long. Female
Asian elephants followed a similar pattern. In zoos,they lived 18.9 years,while those in the logging camps
lived 41.7 years.
Scientists don't know yet why wild elephants seem to get on so much better than their zoo-raised coun-
terparts.Georgia Mason,a biologist at the University of Guelph in Canada who led the study,thinks stress
and obesity（肥胖症）may be to blame. Zoo elephants don't get the same kind of exercise they would in the
wild,and most are very fat. Social lives of elephants are also much different in zoos than in the wild,where
they live in large herds and family groups.
The study raises some questions about acquiring more elephants to keep in zoos.While some threatened
and endangered species living in zoos reproduce（生殖）successfully and maintain healthy populations,that
doesn't appear to be the case with elephants.
Which of the following about the scientists'study is NOT true?
A:They compared zoo-born elephants with wild elephants.
B:They analyzed the records of 800 elephants kept in zoos.
C:The zoo-born elephants they studied were kept in European zoos.
D:They kept detailed records of all the elephants in their care.
第三篇
Longer Lives for Wild Elephants
Most people think of zoos as safe places for animals,where struggles such as having difficulty finding
food and avoiding predators（猛兽）don't exist. Without such problems,animals in zoos should live to a ripe
（成熟的）old age.
But that may not be true for the largest land animals on Earth.Scientists have known that elephants in
zoos often suffer from poor health.Sometimes,they even become unable to have babies.
To learn more about how captivity（圈养）affects elephants, a team of international scientists compared
the life spans of female elephants born in zoos with female elephants living outdoors in their native lands.
Zoos keep detailed records of all the animals in their care,documenting factors such as birth dates,illnes-
ses,weight and death.These records made it possible for the researchers to analyze 40 years of data on 800
African and Asian elephants in zoos across Europe.The scientists compared the life spans of the zoo-born fe-
male elephants with the life spans of thousands of wild female elephants in Africa and Asian elephants that
work in logging camps（伐木场）, over approximately the same time period.
The team found that female African elephants born in zoos lived an average of 16.9 years. Their wild
counterparts who died of natural causes lived an average of 56 years一more than three times as long. Female
Asian elephants followed a similar pattern. In zoos,they lived 18.9 years,while those in the logging camps
lived 41.7 years.
Scientists don't know yet why wild elephants seem to get on so much better than their zoo-raised coun-
terparts.Georgia Mason,a biologist at the University of Guelph in Canada who led the study,thinks stress
and obesity（肥胖症）may be to blame. Zoo elephants don't get the same kind of exercise they would in the
wild,and most are very fat. Social lives of elephants are also much different in zoos than in the wild,where
they live in large herds and family groups.
The study raises some questions about acquiring more elephants to keep in zoos.While some threatened
and endangered species living in zoos reproduce（生殖）successfully and maintain healthy populations,that
doesn't appear to be the case with elephants.
Which of the following about the scientists'study is NOT true?
A:They compared zoo-born elephants with wild elephants.
B:They analyzed the records of 800 elephants kept in zoos.
C:The zoo-born elephants they studied were kept in European zoos.
D:They kept detailed records of all the elephants in their care.
共用题干
第三篇
Fight against the Side Effects of Cancer Treatment
Once the hard decisions have been made about how to treat a patient's cancer,doctors face an even more difficult question:how do you help patients deal with the side effects of treatment?
The issue is a challenge for physicians because,unlike with cancer therapies,there are few scientific studies on the most effective ways to handle the side effects一including common symptoms such as poor sleep or fatigue. But addressing these seemingly common complications（并发症）is crucial for helping patients maintain their regular lifestyle,which in turn may even encourage the success of their cancer treatment.
That's why Dr. Karen Mustian of the University of Rochester Medical Center decided to put a favorite practice of cancer survivors一yoga一to the test.In a paper she will present at the American Society of Clinical Oncology (肿瘤学）(ASCO) annual meeting in June, Mustian designed a standardized program based on hatha yoga一a slow-moving form of the discipline一and tested its effect on improving the quality of life for cancer survivors.
Called YOCAS,the four-week program involved sessions of hatha yoga twice a week for 75 minutes each,in combination with breathing exercises and meditation（冥想）.Among the 410 participants,who were divided into yoga and traditional follow一up care groups,those practicing yoga recorded nearly double the improvement in sleep quality and reduction of fatigue compared to those not practicing yoga. They also reported better quality of life overall,Mustian says.
For cancer physicians,the findings will be a welcome addition to their discussions with patients."Many patients ask about complementary (互补的)therapies, whether they are exercise or meditation or yoga," says Dr. Douglas Blayney,medical director of the comprehensive cancer center at University of Michigan and president of ASCO."I often don't know what to tell them because there isn't lot of science on these complementary therapies. Here is a scientific study showing benefit,so at least we can have some assurance in telling women that there is a yoga program,here are its characteristics and it has been shown to have beneficial effects on sleep and quality of life."
What bothers the cancer physicians after determining the treatment plan?
A:How to prevent the side effects from appearing.
B:How to handle the side effects effectively.
C:How to persuade the patient to accept the therapy.
D:How to prove effectiveness of the treatment.
第三篇
Fight against the Side Effects of Cancer Treatment
Once the hard decisions have been made about how to treat a patient's cancer,doctors face an even more difficult question:how do you help patients deal with the side effects of treatment?
The issue is a challenge for physicians because,unlike with cancer therapies,there are few scientific studies on the most effective ways to handle the side effects一including common symptoms such as poor sleep or fatigue. But addressing these seemingly common complications（并发症）is crucial for helping patients maintain their regular lifestyle,which in turn may even encourage the success of their cancer treatment.
That's why Dr. Karen Mustian of the University of Rochester Medical Center decided to put a favorite practice of cancer survivors一yoga一to the test.In a paper she will present at the American Society of Clinical Oncology (肿瘤学）(ASCO) annual meeting in June, Mustian designed a standardized program based on hatha yoga一a slow-moving form of the discipline一and tested its effect on improving the quality of life for cancer survivors.
Called YOCAS,the four-week program involved sessions of hatha yoga twice a week for 75 minutes each,in combination with breathing exercises and meditation（冥想）.Among the 410 participants,who were divided into yoga and traditional follow一up care groups,those practicing yoga recorded nearly double the improvement in sleep quality and reduction of fatigue compared to those not practicing yoga. They also reported better quality of life overall,Mustian says.
For cancer physicians,the findings will be a welcome addition to their discussions with patients."Many patients ask about complementary (互补的)therapies, whether they are exercise or meditation or yoga," says Dr. Douglas Blayney,medical director of the comprehensive cancer center at University of Michigan and president of ASCO."I often don't know what to tell them because there isn't lot of science on these complementary therapies. Here is a scientific study showing benefit,so at least we can have some assurance in telling women that there is a yoga program,here are its characteristics and it has been shown to have beneficial effects on sleep and quality of life."
What bothers the cancer physicians after determining the treatment plan?
A:How to prevent the side effects from appearing.
B:How to handle the side effects effectively.
C:How to persuade the patient to accept the therapy.
D:How to prove effectiveness of the treatment.
共用题干
第二篇
The Barbie Dolls
In the mid l940's,the young ambitious duo Ruth and Elliot Handler,owned a company that made wooden picture frames.It was in 1945 that Ruth and Elliot Handler joined with their close friend Harold Mattson to form a company that would be known for the most famous and successful doll ever created.This company would be named Mattel,MATT for Mattson,and EL for Elliot.
In the mid 1950s,while visiting Switzerland,Ruth Handler purchased a German Lilli doll.Lilli was a shapely,pretty fashion doll first made in 1955.She was originally fashioned after a famous cartoon character in the West German Newsletter,Build.
Lilli is the doll that would inspire Ruth Handler to design the Barbie doll. With the help of her technicians and engineers at Mattel,Barbie was born.Ruth then hired Charlotte Johnson,a fashion designer,to create Barbies wardrobe.It was in 1958 that the patent for Barbie was obtained.This would be a fashion doll unlike any of her time.She would be long limbed,shapely,beautiful,and only 11.5 inches tall. Ruth and Elliot would name their new fashion doll after their own daughter, Barbie.
In 1959,the Barbie doll would make her way to the New York Toy Show and receive a cool reception from the toy buyers.Barbie has undergone a lot of changes over the years and has managed to keep up with current trends in hairstyles,make-up and clothing. She is a reflection of the history of fashion since her introduction to the toy market.
Barbie has a universal appeal and collectors.Both young and old enjoy time spent and memories made with their dolls.
Where did Ruth Handlers inspiration for the design of the Barbie doll come from?
A:Barbie.
B:Lilli.
C:Charlotte Johnson.
D:A fashion designer.
第二篇
The Barbie Dolls
In the mid l940's,the young ambitious duo Ruth and Elliot Handler,owned a company that made wooden picture frames.It was in 1945 that Ruth and Elliot Handler joined with their close friend Harold Mattson to form a company that would be known for the most famous and successful doll ever created.This company would be named Mattel,MATT for Mattson,and EL for Elliot.
In the mid 1950s,while visiting Switzerland,Ruth Handler purchased a German Lilli doll.Lilli was a shapely,pretty fashion doll first made in 1955.She was originally fashioned after a famous cartoon character in the West German Newsletter,Build.
Lilli is the doll that would inspire Ruth Handler to design the Barbie doll. With the help of her technicians and engineers at Mattel,Barbie was born.Ruth then hired Charlotte Johnson,a fashion designer,to create Barbies wardrobe.It was in 1958 that the patent for Barbie was obtained.This would be a fashion doll unlike any of her time.She would be long limbed,shapely,beautiful,and only 11.5 inches tall. Ruth and Elliot would name their new fashion doll after their own daughter, Barbie.
In 1959,the Barbie doll would make her way to the New York Toy Show and receive a cool reception from the toy buyers.Barbie has undergone a lot of changes over the years and has managed to keep up with current trends in hairstyles,make-up and clothing. She is a reflection of the history of fashion since her introduction to the toy market.
Barbie has a universal appeal and collectors.Both young and old enjoy time spent and memories made with their dolls.
Where did Ruth Handlers inspiration for the design of the Barbie doll come from?
A:Barbie.
B:Lilli.
C:Charlotte Johnson.
D:A fashion designer.
共用题干
Few Facts about Singapore
1. Singapore is an independent city state in southeastern Asia,consisting of one major island-the Singapore Island-and more than 50 small islands,located off the southern tip of Malay.The city of Singapore,the capital of the country,is at the southeastern end of the Singapore Island;it is one of the most important port cities and commercial centers of Southeast Asia. The total area of the re- public is 640 sp.km.
2. Low lying Singapore Island has no outstanding relief（轮廓鲜明的）features. A central area of hills rises to the maximum height of 176 m.The country has a wet tropical climate,with an average annual temperature of 27 .20℃．The average annual rainfall is 2,413 mm;the wettest months are November through January.
3. Singapore is governed under a constitution of 1959.A president,elected to a four-year term is head of state,and a prime minister is head of government. The president used to be selected by Parliament ,but by a 1991 constitutional amendment（修正案）,the president is now elected direct-ly by the people.The Parliament is the law making body with its 81 members popularly elected.
4. In the late 1980s the country had some 290 primary schools with 278,300 pupils and 160 secondary schools with 200,200 students.The main institutions of higher education are the National
University of Singapore,several technical colleges,and a teachers college.
5. Singapore has one of the highest standards of living of any country in Asia. In the late 1980s the gross domestic product was estimated at$23 .7 billion,or$8,870 per person.The fishing industry is centered on the port of southwestern Singapore Island.Industry has grown rapidly since the 1 960s , and Singapore now produces a diversity（多样化的）of goods , including chemicals ,electronic items,clothing,and processed foods,etc.Shipbuilding and petroleum refining are also important.
According to the constitution of Singapore,the president of the state is elected______.
A: live a better life
B: made up of one major island and more than 50 small islands
C: have more farmland
D: by the people
E: produce many kinds of goods
F: have a big population
Few Facts about Singapore
1. Singapore is an independent city state in southeastern Asia,consisting of one major island-the Singapore Island-and more than 50 small islands,located off the southern tip of Malay.The city of Singapore,the capital of the country,is at the southeastern end of the Singapore Island;it is one of the most important port cities and commercial centers of Southeast Asia. The total area of the re- public is 640 sp.km.
2. Low lying Singapore Island has no outstanding relief（轮廓鲜明的）features. A central area of hills rises to the maximum height of 176 m.The country has a wet tropical climate,with an average annual temperature of 27 .20℃．The average annual rainfall is 2,413 mm;the wettest months are November through January.
3. Singapore is governed under a constitution of 1959.A president,elected to a four-year term is head of state,and a prime minister is head of government. The president used to be selected by Parliament ,but by a 1991 constitutional amendment（修正案）,the president is now elected direct-ly by the people.The Parliament is the law making body with its 81 members popularly elected.
4. In the late 1980s the country had some 290 primary schools with 278,300 pupils and 160 secondary schools with 200,200 students.The main institutions of higher education are the National
University of Singapore,several technical colleges,and a teachers college.
5. Singapore has one of the highest standards of living of any country in Asia. In the late 1980s the gross domestic product was estimated at$23 .7 billion,or$8,870 per person.The fishing industry is centered on the port of southwestern Singapore Island.Industry has grown rapidly since the 1 960s , and Singapore now produces a diversity（多样化的）of goods , including chemicals ,electronic items,clothing,and processed foods,etc.Shipbuilding and petroleum refining are also important.
According to the constitution of Singapore,the president of the state is elected______.
A: live a better life
B: made up of one major island and more than 50 small islands
C: have more farmland
D: by the people
E: produce many kinds of goods
F: have a big population
共用题干
American Families
1 Despite social and economic differences among Americans,many American families have certain characteristics in common.Both the husband and wife were born in the United States,and their forefathers came from Europe.They have completed high school,and they belong to the middle class.They have a car, a television set,a washing machine,a refrigerator,a telephone,etc.They own their own home and spend about 55%of their income for housing and food.Clothing accounts for almost 10%of their income,medical care 6%,transportation 8%and taxes 15%.The rest of their income is used for such items as insurance, savings,gifts,and recreation.
2 Most families consist of a mother,a father,and,at most,two children living at home.There may be relatives-grandparents,aunts,uncles,cousins living in the same community,but American families usually maintain separate households.This family structure is known as the"nuclear family".It is unusual. for members of the family other than the husband,wife,and children to live together.
3 Marriage in the United States is considered a matte,r of individual responsibility and decision.Young people frequently fall in love and many even if their parents disagree.American marriages are usually based on romantic love,rather than on social class,education,or religion.
4 After their marriage the young couple is free to decide where to live and when to start a family.Most young couples set up their own household immediately.In the early 1970s only 15%of all married couples were not living on their own-independently and by themselves.Most married people practise some kind of birth control.They plan the number of children they are going to have and when their children will be born. The practice of limiting the size of families has general approval.The birth rate has been declining steadily in recent years.
There are among many American families______.
A:live with their parents
B:their own decisions
C:most American families are usually small
D:the family structure
E:some similar features
F:has been dropping
American Families
1 Despite social and economic differences among Americans,many American families have certain characteristics in common.Both the husband and wife were born in the United States,and their forefathers came from Europe.They have completed high school,and they belong to the middle class.They have a car, a television set,a washing machine,a refrigerator,a telephone,etc.They own their own home and spend about 55%of their income for housing and food.Clothing accounts for almost 10%of their income,medical care 6%,transportation 8%and taxes 15%.The rest of their income is used for such items as insurance, savings,gifts,and recreation.
2 Most families consist of a mother,a father,and,at most,two children living at home.There may be relatives-grandparents,aunts,uncles,cousins living in the same community,but American families usually maintain separate households.This family structure is known as the"nuclear family".It is unusual. for members of the family other than the husband,wife,and children to live together.
3 Marriage in the United States is considered a matte,r of individual responsibility and decision.Young people frequently fall in love and many even if their parents disagree.American marriages are usually based on romantic love,rather than on social class,education,or religion.
4 After their marriage the young couple is free to decide where to live and when to start a family.Most young couples set up their own household immediately.In the early 1970s only 15%of all married couples were not living on their own-independently and by themselves.Most married people practise some kind of birth control.They plan the number of children they are going to have and when their children will be born. The practice of limiting the size of families has general approval.The birth rate has been declining steadily in recent years.
There are among many American families______.
A:live with their parents
B:their own decisions
C:most American families are usually small
D:the family structure
E:some similar features
F:has been dropping
共用题干
Health Care in the US
Health care in the US is well-known but very expensive.Paying the doctor's bill after a
major illness or accident can cost hundreds of thousands of dollars.
In the US,a person's company,not the government,pays for health insurance.
Employers have contracts with insurance companies,which pay for all or part of employees'
doctors' bills.
The amount that the insurance company will pay out to a patient differs wildly. It all depends
on what insurance the employer pays.The less the boss pays to the insurance company,the
more the employee has to pay the hospital each time he or she gets sick. In 2004,the average
worker paid an extra US$558 a year,according to a San Francisco report.
The system also means many Americans fall through the cracks（遭遗漏）.In 2004,
only 61 percent of the population received health insurance through their employers,
according to the report. The unemployed,self-employed,part-time workers and graduated
students with no jobs were not included,
Most US university students have a gap between their last day of school and their first
day on the job.Often,they are no longer protected by their parents' insurance because they
are now considered independent adults.They also cannot buy university health insurance because they
are no longer students.
Another group that falls through the gap of the US system is international students.All
are required to have health insurance and cannot begin their classes without it,But exact
policies（保险单）differ from school to school.
Most universities work with health insurance companies and sell their own standard plan
for students.Often,buying the school plan is required,but luckily it's also cheaper than
buying direct from the insurance company.
In 2004,most of the unemployed in the US were women.
A:Right
B:Wrong
C:Not mentioned
Health Care in the US
Health care in the US is well-known but very expensive.Paying the doctor's bill after a
major illness or accident can cost hundreds of thousands of dollars.
In the US,a person's company,not the government,pays for health insurance.
Employers have contracts with insurance companies,which pay for all or part of employees'
doctors' bills.
The amount that the insurance company will pay out to a patient differs wildly. It all depends
on what insurance the employer pays.The less the boss pays to the insurance company,the
more the employee has to pay the hospital each time he or she gets sick. In 2004,the average
worker paid an extra US$558 a year,according to a San Francisco report.
The system also means many Americans fall through the cracks（遭遗漏）.In 2004,
only 61 percent of the population received health insurance through their employers,
according to the report. The unemployed,self-employed,part-time workers and graduated
students with no jobs were not included,
Most US university students have a gap between their last day of school and their first
day on the job.Often,they are no longer protected by their parents' insurance because they
are now considered independent adults.They also cannot buy university health insurance because they
are no longer students.
Another group that falls through the gap of the US system is international students.All
are required to have health insurance and cannot begin their classes without it,But exact
policies（保险单）differ from school to school.
Most universities work with health insurance companies and sell their own standard plan
for students.Often,buying the school plan is required,but luckily it's also cheaper than
buying direct from the insurance company.
In 2004,most of the unemployed in the US were women.
A:Right
B:Wrong
C:Not mentioned
The contempt he felt for his fellow students was obvious.
A:hate
B:need
C:love
D:pity
A:hate
B:need
C:love
D:pity
共用题干
第一篇
Pool Watch
Swimmers can drown in busy swimming pools when lifeguards fail to notice that they are in trouble.The
Royal Society for the Prevention of Accidents says that on average 15 people drown in British pools each
year,but many more suffer major injury after getting into difficulties.Now a French company has developed
an artificial intelligence system called Poseidon that sounds the alarm when it sees someone in danger of
drowning.
When a swimmer sinks towards the bottom of the pool,the new system sends an alarm signal to a pool-
side monitoring station and a lifeguard's pager."In trials at a pool in Ancenis,near Nantes,it saved a life
within just a few months,"says Alistair McQuade,a spokesman for its maker,Poseidon Technologies.
Poseidon keeps watch through a network of underwater and overheard video cameras.Al software analy-
ses the images to work out swimmers trajectories（轨道，轨线）.To do this reliably,it has to tell the difference
between a swimmer and the shadow of someone being cast onto the bottom or side of the pool."The under-
water environment is a very dynamic one,with many shadows and reflections dancing around."
says McQuade.
The software does this by"projecting"a shape in its field of view onto an image of the far wall of the
pool.It does the same with an image from another camera viewing the shape from a different angle.If the
two projections are in the same position,the shape is identified as a shadow and is ignored.But if they are
different.the shape is a swimmer and so the system follows its trajectory.
To pick out potential drowning victims,anyone in the water who starts to descend slowly is added to the
software's "pre-alert"list,says McQuade.Swimmers who then stay immobile on the pool bottom for 5
seconds or more are considered in danger of drowning.Poseidon double-checks that the image really is of a
swimmer,not a shadow,by seeing whether it obscures the pool's floor texture when viewed from overhead.
If so,it alerts the lifeguard,showing the swimmer's location on a poolside screen.
The first full-scale Poseidon system will be officially opened next week at a pool in High Wycombe,
Buckinghamshire.One man who is impressed with the idea is Travor Baylis,inventor of the clockwork ra-
dio.Baylis runs a company that installs swimming pools一and he was once an underwater escapologist（表演
脱身术的人）with a circus. " I say full marks to them if this works and can save lives , " he says. But h"
adds that any local authority spending ￡30,000一plus a on Poseidon system ought to be investing similar
amounts in teaching children to swim.
Which of the following statements about Travor Baylis is NOT true?
A:He runs.
B:He invented the clockwork radio.
C:He was once an entertainer.
D:He runs a company.
第一篇
Pool Watch
Swimmers can drown in busy swimming pools when lifeguards fail to notice that they are in trouble.The
Royal Society for the Prevention of Accidents says that on average 15 people drown in British pools each
year,but many more suffer major injury after getting into difficulties.Now a French company has developed
an artificial intelligence system called Poseidon that sounds the alarm when it sees someone in danger of
drowning.
When a swimmer sinks towards the bottom of the pool,the new system sends an alarm signal to a pool-
side monitoring station and a lifeguard's pager."In trials at a pool in Ancenis,near Nantes,it saved a life
within just a few months,"says Alistair McQuade,a spokesman for its maker,Poseidon Technologies.
Poseidon keeps watch through a network of underwater and overheard video cameras.Al software analy-
ses the images to work out swimmers trajectories（轨道，轨线）.To do this reliably,it has to tell the difference
between a swimmer and the shadow of someone being cast onto the bottom or side of the pool."The under-
water environment is a very dynamic one,with many shadows and reflections dancing around."
says McQuade.
The software does this by"projecting"a shape in its field of view onto an image of the far wall of the
pool.It does the same with an image from another camera viewing the shape from a different angle.If the
two projections are in the same position,the shape is identified as a shadow and is ignored.But if they are
different.the shape is a swimmer and so the system follows its trajectory.
To pick out potential drowning victims,anyone in the water who starts to descend slowly is added to the
software's "pre-alert"list,says McQuade.Swimmers who then stay immobile on the pool bottom for 5
seconds or more are considered in danger of drowning.Poseidon double-checks that the image really is of a
swimmer,not a shadow,by seeing whether it obscures the pool's floor texture when viewed from overhead.
If so,it alerts the lifeguard,showing the swimmer's location on a poolside screen.
The first full-scale Poseidon system will be officially opened next week at a pool in High Wycombe,
Buckinghamshire.One man who is impressed with the idea is Travor Baylis,inventor of the clockwork ra-
dio.Baylis runs a company that installs swimming pools一and he was once an underwater escapologist（表演
脱身术的人）with a circus. " I say full marks to them if this works and can save lives , " he says. But h"
adds that any local authority spending ￡30,000一plus a on Poseidon system ought to be investing similar
amounts in teaching children to swim.
Which of the following statements about Travor Baylis is NOT true?
A:He runs.
B:He invented the clockwork radio.
C:He was once an entertainer.
D:He runs a company.
大学生利用课余时间打工
the future of press
Can you hear This?
When something creates a sound wave in a room or an auditorium, listeners hear the sound wave directly from the source. They also hear the reflections as the sound bounces off the walls, floor, and ceiling. These are called the reflected wave or reverberant(反射的)sound, which can be heard even after the sound is no longer coming from the source.
The reverberation time of an auditorium is determined by the volume or interior size of the auditorium. It is also determined by how well or how poorly the walls, ceiling, floor, and contents of the room (including the people) absorb sound. There is no ideal reverberation time. Because each use of an auditorium calls for different reverberation. Speech needs to be understood clearly: therefore rooms used for talking must have a short reverberation time. The full-sound performance of music such as Wagner operas or Mahler symphonies should have a long reverberation time. The light, rapid musical passages of Bach or Mozart need a reverberation time somewhere between.
Acoustic problems often are caused by poor auditorium design. Smooth, curved reflecting surfaces create large reflections. Parallel(平行的)walls reflect sound back and forth, creating a rapid, repetitive pulsing effect. Large pillars(柱)and corners can cause acoustic shadows as the sound waves try to pass around the object. Some of these problems can be solved by using absorbers and reflectors to change the reverberation time of a room. For example, hanging large reflectors, called clouds, over the performers will allow some sound frequencies to reflect and others to pass to achieve a pleasing mixture of sound.
文章(1~5)
This passage is mainly about_____
A.sound waves and their effects.
B.the types of music orchestras play.
C.walls of an auditorium.
D.the design of an auditorium.
the future of press
Can you hear This?
When something creates a sound wave in a room or an auditorium, listeners hear the sound wave directly from the source. They also hear the reflections as the sound bounces off the walls, floor, and ceiling. These are called the reflected wave or reverberant(反射的)sound, which can be heard even after the sound is no longer coming from the source.
The reverberation time of an auditorium is determined by the volume or interior size of the auditorium. It is also determined by how well or how poorly the walls, ceiling, floor, and contents of the room (including the people) absorb sound. There is no ideal reverberation time. Because each use of an auditorium calls for different reverberation. Speech needs to be understood clearly: therefore rooms used for talking must have a short reverberation time. The full-sound performance of music such as Wagner operas or Mahler symphonies should have a long reverberation time. The light, rapid musical passages of Bach or Mozart need a reverberation time somewhere between.
Acoustic problems often are caused by poor auditorium design. Smooth, curved reflecting surfaces create large reflections. Parallel(平行的)walls reflect sound back and forth, creating a rapid, repetitive pulsing effect. Large pillars(柱)and corners can cause acoustic shadows as the sound waves try to pass around the object. Some of these problems can be solved by using absorbers and reflectors to change the reverberation time of a room. For example, hanging large reflectors, called clouds, over the performers will allow some sound frequencies to reflect and others to pass to achieve a pleasing mixture of sound.
文章(1~5)
This passage is mainly about_____
A.sound waves and their effects.
B.the types of music orchestras play.
C.walls of an auditorium.
D.the design of an auditorium.
共用题干
The Northern Lights
The Sun is stormy（狂暴的）and has its own kind of weather. It is so hot and active that even the Sun ' s
gravity cannot hold its atmosphere in check（控制，支配）!Energy flows away from the Sun toward the Earth
in a stream of electrified particles（电粒子）that move at speeds around a million miles per hour. These path-
dles are called plasma（等离子体）, and the stream of plasma coming from the Sun is called the solar wind.
The more active the Sun,the stronger the solar wind.
The solar wind constantly streams toward the Earth,but don't worry because a protective magnetic field
（磁场）surrounds our planet. The same magnetic field that makes your compass point north also steer（引
导）the particles from the Sun to the north and south poles.The charged particles become trapped in
magnetic belts around the Earth.When a large blast of solar wind crashes into the Earth's magnetic field,the
magnetic field first gets squeezed and then the magnetic field lines break and reconnect.
The breaking and reconnecting of the magnetic field lines can cause atomic particles（原子粒子）called
electrons（电子）trapped in the belts to fall into the Earth ' s atmosphere at the poles. As the electrons fall to
the Earth,they collide with gas molecules（分子）in the atmosphere,creating flashes of light in the sky. Each
atmospheric gas glows a different color. Oxygen and nitrogen glow red and green and nitrogen glows violet-
purple. As these various colors glow and dance in the night sky,they create the Northern Lights and the
Southern Lights.
Watching auroras is fun and exciting,but normally you can only see them in places far north like Alaska
and Canada. The movement of the aurora across the sky is usually slow enough to easily follow with your eyes
but they can also pulsate（跳动）,flicker,or even move like waves. During solar maximum,auroras are seen
as far south as Florida,even Mexico!
Auroras often seem to be very close to the ground,but the lowest aurora is still about 100 kilometers
above the ground,a distance much higher than clouds are formed or airplanes can fly.A typical aurora band
can be thousands of kilometers long,a few hundred kilometers high,but only a few hundred meters thick.
We hope you are able to travel to far-north places like the Arctic Circle and see the Northern Lights at
least once during your lifetime.We know you will never forget it!
An aurora is generally close to the ground and is very long and thick.
A:Right
B:Wrong
C: Not mentioned
The Northern Lights
The Sun is stormy（狂暴的）and has its own kind of weather. It is so hot and active that even the Sun ' s
gravity cannot hold its atmosphere in check（控制，支配）!Energy flows away from the Sun toward the Earth
in a stream of electrified particles（电粒子）that move at speeds around a million miles per hour. These path-
dles are called plasma（等离子体）, and the stream of plasma coming from the Sun is called the solar wind.
The more active the Sun,the stronger the solar wind.
The solar wind constantly streams toward the Earth,but don't worry because a protective magnetic field
（磁场）surrounds our planet. The same magnetic field that makes your compass point north also steer（引
导）the particles from the Sun to the north and south poles.The charged particles become trapped in
magnetic belts around the Earth.When a large blast of solar wind crashes into the Earth's magnetic field,the
magnetic field first gets squeezed and then the magnetic field lines break and reconnect.
The breaking and reconnecting of the magnetic field lines can cause atomic particles（原子粒子）called
electrons（电子）trapped in the belts to fall into the Earth ' s atmosphere at the poles. As the electrons fall to
the Earth,they collide with gas molecules（分子）in the atmosphere,creating flashes of light in the sky. Each
atmospheric gas glows a different color. Oxygen and nitrogen glow red and green and nitrogen glows violet-
purple. As these various colors glow and dance in the night sky,they create the Northern Lights and the
Southern Lights.
Watching auroras is fun and exciting,but normally you can only see them in places far north like Alaska
and Canada. The movement of the aurora across the sky is usually slow enough to easily follow with your eyes
but they can also pulsate（跳动）,flicker,or even move like waves. During solar maximum,auroras are seen
as far south as Florida,even Mexico!
Auroras often seem to be very close to the ground,but the lowest aurora is still about 100 kilometers
above the ground,a distance much higher than clouds are formed or airplanes can fly.A typical aurora band
can be thousands of kilometers long,a few hundred kilometers high,but only a few hundred meters thick.
We hope you are able to travel to far-north places like the Arctic Circle and see the Northern Lights at
least once during your lifetime.We know you will never forget it!
An aurora is generally close to the ground and is very long and thick.
A:Right
B:Wrong
C: Not mentioned
共用题干
Virtual Driver
Driving involves sharp eyes and keen ears,analyzing with a brain,and coordination between hands,feet and brain.A man has sharp eyes and keen ears,analyzes through his brain,and maintains coordination between his hands and brains.He can control a fast-moving car with different parts of his body._______(46)Apparently there isn't anyone in the driver's cab,but there is in fact a virtual driver. This virtual driver has eyes,brains,hands and feet too.The minicameras on each side of the car are its eyes and are responsible for observing the road conditions ahead of it as well as the traffic to its left and right.If you open the boot,you can see the most important part of the automatic driving system:a built-in computer._______(47)The brain is responsible for calculating the speeds objects surrounding the car are moving at,analyzing their position on the road, choosing the right path,and giving orders to the wheel and the control system.
In comparison with the human brain,the virtual driver's best advantage is that it reacts quickly. _______(48)However,it takes the world's best racecar driver at least one second to react,and this doesn't include the time he needs to take action.
With its rapid reaction and accurate control,the virtual driver can reduce the accident rate on expressways considerably.In this case,is it possible for us to let it have the wheel at any time and in any place?_______(49)With its limited ability to recognize things,the car can now only travel on expressways.
The intelligent car determines its direction by the clear lines that mark the lanes clearly and recognizes vehicles according to their regular shapes._______(50)This being the case,people still have high hopes about driverless cars,and think highly intelligent cars are what the cars of the future should be like.
________（46）
A:Experts say that we cannot do that just yet.
B:In the near future,intelligent cars will be put into commercial operation.
C:This is the brain of the car.
D:But how does an intelligent car control itself?
E:It completes the processing of the images sent by the cameras within 100 milliseconds.
F:However,it cannot recognize moving people and bicycles on ordinary roads that have no clear markings on them.
Virtual Driver
Driving involves sharp eyes and keen ears,analyzing with a brain,and coordination between hands,feet and brain.A man has sharp eyes and keen ears,analyzes through his brain,and maintains coordination between his hands and brains.He can control a fast-moving car with different parts of his body._______(46)Apparently there isn't anyone in the driver's cab,but there is in fact a virtual driver. This virtual driver has eyes,brains,hands and feet too.The minicameras on each side of the car are its eyes and are responsible for observing the road conditions ahead of it as well as the traffic to its left and right.If you open the boot,you can see the most important part of the automatic driving system:a built-in computer._______(47)The brain is responsible for calculating the speeds objects surrounding the car are moving at,analyzing their position on the road, choosing the right path,and giving orders to the wheel and the control system.
In comparison with the human brain,the virtual driver's best advantage is that it reacts quickly. _______(48)However,it takes the world's best racecar driver at least one second to react,and this doesn't include the time he needs to take action.
With its rapid reaction and accurate control,the virtual driver can reduce the accident rate on expressways considerably.In this case,is it possible for us to let it have the wheel at any time and in any place?_______(49)With its limited ability to recognize things,the car can now only travel on expressways.
The intelligent car determines its direction by the clear lines that mark the lanes clearly and recognizes vehicles according to their regular shapes._______(50)This being the case,people still have high hopes about driverless cars,and think highly intelligent cars are what the cars of the future should be like.
________（46）
A:Experts say that we cannot do that just yet.
B:In the near future,intelligent cars will be put into commercial operation.
C:This is the brain of the car.
D:But how does an intelligent car control itself?
E:It completes the processing of the images sent by the cameras within 100 milliseconds.
F:However,it cannot recognize moving people and bicycles on ordinary roads that have no clear markings on them.
共用题干
Late-Night Drinking
Coffee lovers beware.Having a quick"pick-me-up"cup of coffee late in the day will play havoc with your sleep .As well as being a stimulant,caffeine interrupts the flow of melatonin,the brain hormone that sends people into a sleep.
Melatonin levels normally start to rise about two hours before bedtime. Levels then peak be-tween 2 am and 4 am,before falling again."It's the neurohormone that controls our sleep tells our body when to sleep and when to wake,"says Maurice Ohayon of the Stanford Sleep Epidemiology Research Center at Stanford University in California.But researchers in Israel have found that caf feinated coffee halves the body's levels of this sleep hormone.
Lotan Shilo and a team at the Sapir Medical Center in Tel Aviv University found that six vol-unteers slept less well after a cup of caffeinated coffee than after drinking the same amount of de-caf. On average,subjects slept 336 minutes per night after drinking caffeinated coffee,compared with 415 minutes after decaf. They also took half an hour to drop offtwice as long as usual-and jigged around in bed twice as much.
In the second phase of the experiment,the researchers woke the volunteers every three hours and asked them to give a urine sample.Shilo measured concentrations of a breakdown product of melatonin .The results suggest that melatonin concentrations in caffeine drinkers were half those in decaf drinkers .In a paper accepted for publication in Sleep Medicine,the researchers suggest that caffeine blocks production of the enzyme that drives melatonin production.
Because it can take many hours to eliminate caffeine from the body,Ohayon recommends that coffee lovers switch to decaf after lunch.
What does the experiment mentioned in paragraph 4 prove?
A: There are more enzymes in decaf drinkers' urine sample.
B: There are more melatonin concentrations in caffeine drinkers' urine sample.
C: Decaf drinkers produce less melatonin.
D: Caffeine drinkers produce less sleep hormone that decaf drinkers.
Late-Night Drinking
Coffee lovers beware.Having a quick"pick-me-up"cup of coffee late in the day will play havoc with your sleep .As well as being a stimulant,caffeine interrupts the flow of melatonin,the brain hormone that sends people into a sleep.
Melatonin levels normally start to rise about two hours before bedtime. Levels then peak be-tween 2 am and 4 am,before falling again."It's the neurohormone that controls our sleep tells our body when to sleep and when to wake,"says Maurice Ohayon of the Stanford Sleep Epidemiology Research Center at Stanford University in California.But researchers in Israel have found that caf feinated coffee halves the body's levels of this sleep hormone.
Lotan Shilo and a team at the Sapir Medical Center in Tel Aviv University found that six vol-unteers slept less well after a cup of caffeinated coffee than after drinking the same amount of de-caf. On average,subjects slept 336 minutes per night after drinking caffeinated coffee,compared with 415 minutes after decaf. They also took half an hour to drop offtwice as long as usual-and jigged around in bed twice as much.
In the second phase of the experiment,the researchers woke the volunteers every three hours and asked them to give a urine sample.Shilo measured concentrations of a breakdown product of melatonin .The results suggest that melatonin concentrations in caffeine drinkers were half those in decaf drinkers .In a paper accepted for publication in Sleep Medicine,the researchers suggest that caffeine blocks production of the enzyme that drives melatonin production.
Because it can take many hours to eliminate caffeine from the body,Ohayon recommends that coffee lovers switch to decaf after lunch.
What does the experiment mentioned in paragraph 4 prove?
A: There are more enzymes in decaf drinkers' urine sample.
B: There are more melatonin concentrations in caffeine drinkers' urine sample.
C: Decaf drinkers produce less melatonin.
D: Caffeine drinkers produce less sleep hormone that decaf drinkers.
共用题干
Some Things We Know About Language
Many things about language are a mystery,and many will always remain so.But some things we do know.
First , we know that all human beings have a language of some sort.There is no race（种族）of men anywhere on earth so backward that it has no language,no set of speech sounds by which the people communicate with one another.Furthermore,in historical times,there has never been a race of men without a language.Second,there is no such thing as a primitive（原始的）language.There are many people whose cultures are undeveloped,who are,as we say,uncivilized,but the languages they speak are not primitive.In all known languages we can see complexities that must have been tens of thousands of years in developing. This has not always been well understood;indeed,the direct contrary has often been stated.Popular ideas of the language of the American Indians will illustrate.Many people have supposed that the Indians communicated in a very primitive system of noises.Study has proved this to be nonsense.There are,or were, hundreds of American Indian languages,and all of them turn out to be very complicated and very old.They are certainly different from the languages that most of us are familiar with,but they are no more primitive than English and Greek.
A third thing we know about language is that all languages are perfectly adequate.That is,each one is a perfect means of expressing the culture of the people who speak the language. Finally,we know that language changes.It is natural and normal for language to change;the only languages which do not change are the dead ones.This is easy to understand if we look backward in time. Change goes on in all aspects of language.Grammatical features change as do speech sounds,and changes in vocabulary are sometimes very extensive and may occur very rapidly.Vocabulary is the least stable part of any language.
According to the third paragraph,the author thinks that______.
A:there exist some primitive languages in the world
B:there are many people who don't have a language
C:no languages in the world haven't been well developed
D:there are some languages we know having little complexities
Some Things We Know About Language
Many things about language are a mystery,and many will always remain so.But some things we do know.
First , we know that all human beings have a language of some sort.There is no race（种族）of men anywhere on earth so backward that it has no language,no set of speech sounds by which the people communicate with one another.Furthermore,in historical times,there has never been a race of men without a language.Second,there is no such thing as a primitive（原始的）language.There are many people whose cultures are undeveloped,who are,as we say,uncivilized,but the languages they speak are not primitive.In all known languages we can see complexities that must have been tens of thousands of years in developing. This has not always been well understood;indeed,the direct contrary has often been stated.Popular ideas of the language of the American Indians will illustrate.Many people have supposed that the Indians communicated in a very primitive system of noises.Study has proved this to be nonsense.There are,or were, hundreds of American Indian languages,and all of them turn out to be very complicated and very old.They are certainly different from the languages that most of us are familiar with,but they are no more primitive than English and Greek.
A third thing we know about language is that all languages are perfectly adequate.That is,each one is a perfect means of expressing the culture of the people who speak the language. Finally,we know that language changes.It is natural and normal for language to change;the only languages which do not change are the dead ones.This is easy to understand if we look backward in time. Change goes on in all aspects of language.Grammatical features change as do speech sounds,and changes in vocabulary are sometimes very extensive and may occur very rapidly.Vocabulary is the least stable part of any language.
According to the third paragraph,the author thinks that______.
A:there exist some primitive languages in the world
B:there are many people who don't have a language
C:no languages in the world haven't been well developed
D:there are some languages we know having little complexities
共用题干
Why would They Falsely Confess?
Why on earth would an innocent person falsely confess to committing a crime?To most people,it just doesn't seem logical. But it is logical,say experts,if you understand what can happen in a police interrogation（审讯）room.
Under the right conditions,people's minds are susceptible（易受影响的）to influence , and the pressure put on suspects during police grillings（盘问）is enormous. ________ (1)“The pressure is important to understand,because otherwise it's impossible to understand why someone would say he did something he didn't do. The answer is:to put an end to an uncom-fortable situation that will continue until he does confess.”
Developmental psychologist Allison Redlich recently conducted a laboratory study to de- termine how likely people are to confess to things they didn't do.______(2)The research-ers then intentionally crashed the computers and accused the participants of hitting the“alt” key to see if they would sign a statement falsely taking responsibility.
Redlich's findings clearly demonstrate how easy it can be to get people to falsely con- fess:59% percent of the young adults in the experiment immediately confessed. ______(3) of the 15-to 16-year-olds,72 percent signed confessions,as did 78 percent of the 12-to 13- year-olds.
“There's no question that young people are more at risk,”says Saul Kassin,Professor at Williams College,who has done similar studies with similar results.______(4)
Both Kassin and Redlich note that the entire“interrogation” in their experiments consis-ted of a simple accusation一not hours of aggressive questioning一and still,most participants falsely confessed.
Because of the stress of a police interrogation,they conclude,suspects can become con- vinced that falsely confessing is the easiest way out of a bad situation. ______(5)
_______(1)
A: In her experiment,participants were seated at computers and told not to hit the“alt” key,because doing so would crash the systems.
B:“In some ways,”says Kassin,“false confession becomes a rational decision.”
C: “It's a little like somebody's working on them with a dental（牙的）drill , ” says Frank- lin Zimring,a law professor at the University of California at Berkeley.
D:“But adults are highly vulnerable too.”
E: How could an innocent person admit to doing something he didn't do?
F: Redlich also found that the younger the participant,the more likely a false confession.
Why would They Falsely Confess?
Why on earth would an innocent person falsely confess to committing a crime?To most people,it just doesn't seem logical. But it is logical,say experts,if you understand what can happen in a police interrogation（审讯）room.
Under the right conditions,people's minds are susceptible（易受影响的）to influence , and the pressure put on suspects during police grillings（盘问）is enormous. ________ (1)“The pressure is important to understand,because otherwise it's impossible to understand why someone would say he did something he didn't do. The answer is:to put an end to an uncom-fortable situation that will continue until he does confess.”
Developmental psychologist Allison Redlich recently conducted a laboratory study to de- termine how likely people are to confess to things they didn't do.______(2)The research-ers then intentionally crashed the computers and accused the participants of hitting the“alt” key to see if they would sign a statement falsely taking responsibility.
Redlich's findings clearly demonstrate how easy it can be to get people to falsely con- fess:59% percent of the young adults in the experiment immediately confessed. ______(3) of the 15-to 16-year-olds,72 percent signed confessions,as did 78 percent of the 12-to 13- year-olds.
“There's no question that young people are more at risk,”says Saul Kassin,Professor at Williams College,who has done similar studies with similar results.______(4)
Both Kassin and Redlich note that the entire“interrogation” in their experiments consis-ted of a simple accusation一not hours of aggressive questioning一and still,most participants falsely confessed.
Because of the stress of a police interrogation,they conclude,suspects can become con- vinced that falsely confessing is the easiest way out of a bad situation. ______(5)
_______(1)
A: In her experiment,participants were seated at computers and told not to hit the“alt” key,because doing so would crash the systems.
B:“In some ways,”says Kassin,“false confession becomes a rational decision.”
C: “It's a little like somebody's working on them with a dental（牙的）drill , ” says Frank- lin Zimring,a law professor at the University of California at Berkeley.
D:“But adults are highly vulnerable too.”
E: How could an innocent person admit to doing something he didn't do?
F: Redlich also found that the younger the participant,the more likely a false confession.